International Journal of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Science

Abstract This article examines the role of Sahba’i in the writing of tazkiras, focusing on his important work, Intikhāb-i Dawa'īn. This work, which had been mentioned only by name in other tazkiras for years, is now recognized as one of the key texts in the history of Urdu tazkira writing. The research employs qualitative and historical methodologies. To this end, the scholars first explored the history of tazkira writing in the Urdu language and the influence of Persian literary traditions on this art. The research method is based on content analysis, historical, and comparative approaches, focusing on the changes in the style and approach of tazkira writing from its early stages to the composition of Āb-i Ḥayāt and its subsequent decline at the end of the 19th century. The findings indicate that Sahba’i, by composing Intikhāb-i Dawa'īn, not only introduced a new style in Urdu tazkira writing but also played a vital role in preserving and continuing it during a time when this literary genre was being marginalized under the influence of Western literary criticism and historiography. The study shows that Intikhāb-i Dawa'īn, as a pioneering work, significantly contributed to the preservation and documentation of poets’ works, thus aiding the transmission of the literary heritage of poetry and poets. The final conclusion of the research highlights that Sahba’i, by combining Persian traditions with the literary needs of the Urdu community, occupies a special place in the history of Urdu literature. His work can serve as a model for analyzing similar literary legacies.

Abstract Based on one of the principles governing the civil procedure law, a claim can be raised in the appeal only to the extent that it was dealt with in the first stage, but this principle is sometimes distorted by the legislator's prescription. The well-known rule of "prohibition of new claims at the appeal stage" means that the judges of the appeal court cannot go beyond the issue of the trial and the verdict of the first step. Likewise, the rule of "prohibiting the involvement of persons other than the parties to the first lawsuit in the appeal stage" may sometimes be distorted depending on the interests and benefits of the involvement of third parties at a higher stage. The filing of some vague lawsuits, including the entry of a third party and the involvement of a third party in the appeal stage and the prescription of its preliminary hearing by the legislator, based on some factors, interests, philosophy, and goals that the legislator had in mind, caused exceptional deviation from the above rules. Some affairs, including the design of some proceedings as a result of the primary lawsuit raised in the appeal stage; such as the request for the satisfaction of the demand and the request for an urgent hearing from the court of appeals and the preliminary hearing of this court for the claim of foreclosure in the considered lawsuits, as well as the consolidation and mutual influence that the main and primary lawsuits have on each other in the joint proceedings and its results can justify legislator's prescription in the initial proceedings of the appeals court.

Abstract Between the 11^th and 14^th weeks of pregnancy, the first-trimester combined screening test is conducted. This test involves nuchal translucency (NT) ultrasound and blood tests to measure levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The purpose of this test is to assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities such as Down and Edwards syndromes. PAPP-A is produced by the placenta, with normal levels ranging from 943-1455 mU/L at 11-12 weeks and increasing after 13 weeks. On the other hand, hCG levels significantly increase during the early pregnancy, starting from 5-50 mIU/ml in week 3 and reaching 20,000-200,000 IU/L by week 10. In addition, ultrasound measurements like NT and crown-rump length (CRL) are taken into consideration. A case series analysis of 21 first-trimester pregnancies showed significant Pearson correlations between various maternal and fetal markers. For example, there was a correlation between maternal age and fetal CRL index (r=0.456, p=0.038) and NT index (MoM) with free β-hCG (MoM) (r=0.567, p=0.000). These correlations highlight the clinical relevance of the first-trimester combined test in stratifying the risk of aneuploidies. However, the small sample size (n=21) might limit the generalizability of the results. This study emphasizes the importance of considering these interrelations when interpreting screening outcomes and stresses the need for larger studies to optimize risk assessment protocols. The first-trimester combined screening, which includes PAPP-A and hCG biomarkers along with NT and CRL ultrasound measurements, offers valuable information for evaluating the risk of chromosomal abnormalities.

Abstract One of the factors that can be effective in the tendency of teenagers and students to abuse drugs is the level of people's resilience. One of the factors that can be effective in the tendency of teenagers and students to abuse drugs is the level of people's resilience. Resilience can be considered a psychological concept that wants to explain how people cope with unexpected situations. Having said that, resilience not only increases a person's tolerance and adaptability in dealing with problems, but also more importantly, it preserves mental health and even improves it, resilience empowers people to deal with difficulties and Face the adversities of life and career without getting hurt and even use these situations to flourish and grow your personality. In other words, addiction is called addiction. In modern medicine, instead of the word addiction, drug dependence is used, which has the same meaning, but is more accurate and correct. However, we can mention all kinds of illegal substances, tranquilizers, narcotics, stimulants, and hallucinogens. Today, education plays a key and undeniable role in programs to reduce demand and prevent the tendency of students to become addicted. Abuse of addictive substances is one of the most important problems of today's era. So that the United Nations has placed narcotics and chemical psychotropic drugs next to three other crises in the world (nuclear weapons, population growth, and environmental pollution).

Abstract Block chain in the financial industry, due to its decentralized and reliable architecture, provides the ability to ensure the security of financial transactions. Each transaction is recorded in a block and is cryptographically linked to previous blocks. This allows changes in a block to be quickly detected and any attempts at fraud to be stopped. Auditing, as an important process in ensuring the financial integrity and soundness of organizations, requires high accuracy and transparency. As financial systems become more complex and the volume of transactions increases, auditors face many challenges. In the meantime, block chain, with its unique features, can help auditors deal with these challenges and improve audit processes. Block chain can have significant impacts in the audit field by providing transparency, security, immutability, efficiency, and cost reduction. This technology can improve audit processes and help auditors to easily and accurately review financial transactions and information. However, the use of block chain includes some challenges such as technical complexity, scalability issues, and legal and regulatory issues that require proper attention and management. Ultimately, block chain can serve as an effective tool in improving audit transparency and security and help organizations deal with the challenges in this area. Training and awareness of auditors in the field of block chain and keeping up with technological and regulatory changes can help to achieve greater success in using this technology.

Abstract Artificial intelligence is a set of algorithms designed to simulate human tasks such as learning, decision-making, problem solving, and language comprehension. In fact, artificial intelligence can learn, make mistakes, train, and correct its own mistakes like a human, but what role does this artificial intelligence play in business? Using AI, it is possible to optimize the strategy used in any business and save on wasted human time. The impact of the changing nature of the business environment in the world over the past decades from a predictable and stable environment to a completely changing and unpredictable environment has caused strategic management methods to face fundamental changes in previous years, and traditional methods including simple internal and environmental analyses, industry, competition, and the like are no longer useful, and methods based on uncertainty including risk and scenario analysis have replaced them. The impact of this changing space on strategic management is not limited to strategic analysis techniques, but the nature of the genetic strategy has also led companies from traditional choices to emerging strategies such as flexibility, adaptability, resilience, robustness and organizational resilience. At the same time, in the last year or two, the increase in the effectiveness and impact of artificial intelligence-based solutions has created a second leap in strategic management methods, and now this technology has come with the help of scenario and risk planning methods, so that companies can have a more accurate, transparent and comprehensive understanding of their business environment and based on it, strategize and set goals with agile methods.

Abstract One of the biggest concerns is that automation and AI will lead to widespread job losses for workers. While it is true that automation will replace humans in some jobs, new jobs will also be created that require new skills. However, this transition can be difficult and disruptive for some workers. As two advanced technologies, AI and automation are evolving and expanding, and they have numerous impacts on the future of work and employment. In the not too distant fu ture, AI and automation will be able to replace many manual and repetitive jobs. Accordingly, workers will need to master new skills such as programming, data analysis and network management, etc. to be able to compete in the job market. As a result, automation and AI will have a profound impact on human reliability in industries. There are both new challenges and opportunities, and workers, employers, and governments must take steps to adapt to these changes. With proper planning and investment, automation and AI can be used to create a safer, more efficient, and more productive industrial environment. AI is replacing human labor in many areas. In manufacturing, robots and automation systems perform complex tasks with high precision. In customer service, chatbots have taken over answering tasks. In transportation, self-driving cars have also affected driving jobs. AI is rapidly changing the world of work and has profound effects on various jobs. To avoid its risks and take advantage of the opportunities ahead, society needs to rethink its education system and develop new skills.

Abstract There is much evidence that people's emotions affect their judgments and evaluations of other social processes. Emotions not only affect what people pay attention to, but also what they remember, their associations with objects, and their interpretation of social processes. Rumination is a common symptom in a wide range of mental illnesses. These negative and disturbing thoughts themselves can also exacerbate the severity of various mental disorders or provide a basis for the development of these disorders. The complications caused by them are not limited to mental health alone and can affect the physical health. In this article, the relationship between negative emotions, job burnout, and patients with rumination is simultaneously discussed. The results of a recent study showed that these two emotional factors have different relationships with depression and anxiety in patients with rumination. Since both anxiety and depression involve negative affect, the instruments for measuring both constructs have an equal negative affect factor. Therefore, negative affect is positively related to anxiety and depression in patients with rumination. On the other hand, anxiety and depression have relationships with positive affect. Instruments for measuring positive affect are highly negatively correlated with depressed mood and its associated symptoms, but not with anxious mood and its associated symptoms. It seems that increasing the pleasure level throughout life can lead to an increase in positive emotions and a decrease in negative emotions in patients with rumination. Emotions are an essential part of the dynamic system of the human personality. The characteristics and changes of emotions, how to establish emotional communication, understand, and interpret the emotions of others, contribute in growth, personality organization, moral development, social relationships, identity formation, and self-concept.