Studies in Humanities
Fatima Jahani; Samaneh Nowrozi
Abstract
This article examines the theories of anxiety on the chemical and defense system of the body. Anxiety is actually experienced by all people. Anxiety is a diffuse, very unpleasant, and often vague feeling that is often accompanied by symptoms of autonomic system such as chest tightness, palpitations, ...
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This article examines the theories of anxiety on the chemical and defense system of the body. Anxiety is actually experienced by all people. Anxiety is a diffuse, very unpleasant, and often vague feeling that is often accompanied by symptoms of autonomic system such as chest tightness, palpitations, sweating, headache, brief stomach discomfort, and restlessness characterized by inability to sit or stand. The total number of symptoms that exist during anxiety is different between people. The classification of anxiety disorders in psychology is justified by many obstacles, which are on the one hand, due to the gradual formation of the personality structure in the periods of transformation and the importance of communication issues in these periods, and on the other hand, they originate from the disagreement of different authors about the scope of anxiety disorders. Currently, due to the existence of such problems and despite the existence of different classifications, a specific classification approved by all psychologists and psychiatrists, that is, can cover the realm of anxiety disorders during the transformation period, avoid the risk of ignoring an anxiety disorder and it is not possible to investigate the risk factors and how the disorders evolve, and also to enable the correct evaluation of psychotherapy methods.
Studies in Humanities
Gholam Reza Goderzi; Hamzeh Isazadeh
Abstract
This article was aimed to achieve the factors of progress of martial arts teachers and trainers, and a qualitative method was used in the research method. The statistical population of the research was martial arts professors and university informants. The sampling method in the qualitative section was ...
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This article was aimed to achieve the factors of progress of martial arts teachers and trainers, and a qualitative method was used in the research method. The statistical population of the research was martial arts professors and university informants. The sampling method in the qualitative section was initially purposeful and judgmental, and then snowball sampling was used to collect information. In this research, theoretical saturation was reached by interviewing 21 people from the target samples. The tools of data collection were interviews and documents, and after coding and identifying the themes, the Dematel method was used to design and validate the model. Data analysis was done using related theme analysis methods, and then the data obtained from twenty-one interviews were coded and analyzed using the theorizing method of theme analysis. The results of theme analysis showed that grouping of codes has fifteen components and has three parts, including capacity building in trainers and previous learning as well as situation analysis, and competitors, etc. This research can be used as a basis for the advancement of martial arts teachers and trainers. In the environment of combat sports, the coach is considered as one of the main figures, thus the identification of the effective factors in the progress of teachers and coaches were extracted and confirmed, and the research framework was drawn and its suitability was confirmed. Sports managers are advised to pay attention to the coach as one of the most important success factors in combat sports.
Studies in Humanities
Mohammad Mousaei
Abstract
Abortion is one of the issues that has long been discussed in human societies and has been considered as one of the fundamental issues of the criminal law system with criminal law scientists. In this article, a descriptive-analytical method to medical abortion in Iran, Canada, and Europe Reflection of ...
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Abortion is one of the issues that has long been discussed in human societies and has been considered as one of the fundamental issues of the criminal law system with criminal law scientists. In this article, a descriptive-analytical method to medical abortion in Iran, Canada, and Europe Reflection of abortion has also had an impact on the views of lawyers and criminologists. Because other laws regarding abortion, despite new issues such as medical issues and social and economic issues, etc. are not in accordance with the customs and general ethics of societies and this important issue has prompted lawyers to consider issues and problems in the regulation of laws. In Iran's legal system, whose laws and regulations are derived from Imami jurisprudence, contrary to the legal systems of Western societies that consider abortion a proud sign of character and freedom of women, abortion is forbidden and punishable under the Islamic Penal Code. In Canada, there is almost no legal prohibition on abortion. In this regard, the present study aimed to review the laws of abortion in different countries of the world, change the position and logical flexibility of Iran and Canada as well as international documents on this social phenomenon and by briefly pointing to some social principles, and also strengthen the necessity of legal abortion license in these two countries. Abortion has long been a crime in Both Iran and Canada, and according to the new regulations, it is still a crime in Iran, but in Canada, it is only a crime when the law specifies it. Second, the results indicated that the punishment for abortion in each stage of pregnancy is different in Iran and Canada.
Studies in Humanities
Tahira Gholami
Abstract
The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and cognitive therapy on reducing depression and anxiety in single middle-aged men. This research is a field experiment. This plan is pre-test and post-test with control group. First, a number of unmarried ...
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The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and cognitive therapy on reducing depression and anxiety in single middle-aged men. This research is a field experiment. This plan is pre-test and post-test with control group. First, a number of unmarried middle-aged men, members of private associations, filled depression and anxiety questionnaires, and among them, 50 people with the highest levels of depression and anxiety were selected and randomly replaced in two groups. One group of unmarried middle-aged men were exposed to the experimental intervention and one group was considered as the control group. In general, based on the findings of the research, cognitive behavioral therapy group by improving symptoms and negative psychological reactions such as depression, feeling of loss, and loneliness can lead to an increase in men's hope, finding meaning in loss, reducing death, anxiety, and improving their attitude towards the future and yourself.
Studies in Humanities
Sahra Setorg
Abstract
Customer relationship management is a strategic necessity in all organizations, the effective implementation of which can increase customer satisfaction, loyalty, and attract them, resulting in more sales and repeat purchases. However, the implementation of CRM is not always accompanied by the expected ...
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Customer relationship management is a strategic necessity in all organizations, the effective implementation of which can increase customer satisfaction, loyalty, and attract them, resulting in more sales and repeat purchases. However, the implementation of CRM is not always accompanied by the expected results because the attitude of many organizations towards CRM is from a technological viewpoint. Therefore, managers of organizations have paid special attention to find out the factors that create success in CRM since identifying these key elements can help organizations to implement it more successfully. The process of identifying factors influencing the successful implementation of CRM should be based on several criteria and components. By changing the paradigm from product-oriented to customer-oriented and given that in today's competitive environment, the use of traditional marketing methods has created many limitations for organizations, customer relationship management to create a special relationship with customers and create value. It is mostly provided for organizations. In the past, customers expected timely delivery, good quality, and cheap goods and services from manufacturers. Business was mostly relationship-oriented and middlemen were powerful in the distribution chain. With the wide distribution of products, the main competition was on maintaining the service and product development to the customer and facilitating the customer's purchase, not maintaining the relationship with the existing customers. However today, organizations operate in a dynamic and complex environment, the competition between organizations has increased, the life cycle of products has decreased, and the life cycle of organizations is reaching its decline stage faster.
Studies in Humanities
Sahra Setorg
Abstract
This study has examined the strategic development of human resources in contemporary management. The biggest challenge of organizations in the 21st century is competition based on expensive resources, which determines the survival and growth of organizations. Resources can be classified as management, ...
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This study has examined the strategic development of human resources in contemporary management. The biggest challenge of organizations in the 21st century is competition based on expensive resources, which determines the survival and growth of organizations. Resources can be classified as management, human power, land, and capital resources. Among these resources, management and human resources have a special place and importance in such a way that currently, the competitive advantage of many countries is in the capable human force that is responsible for the optimal use of other resources. Human resources are the most important capital and competitive advantage of any organization, and their knowledge, skills and abilities should always be improved. The development of human resources in every organization requires a specific strategy and implementation solutions. The development of human resources and the employees empowerment is one of the effective tools for increasing productivity and optimal use of their individual and group capacities and abilities in line with organizational goals and to better express organizational efficiency and effectiveness. Efficiency and effectiveness as the output of human and organizational systems are realized when the work and behavioral processes are modified and the processes can be easily managed. Therefore, the identification, understanding, and management of human, behavioral and work processes seem necessary and logical and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization in achieving its goals.
Studies in Humanities
Masume Mohamadi
Abstract
This research aims to find essential and famous types of archetypes such as anima and animus, heaven and hell, old man, rebirth, resurrection, shadow, passing through water, ideal mother, ascension, and recognize the mask in Attar's sonnets. Since the discussion of archetypes is a new approach in Persian ...
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This research aims to find essential and famous types of archetypes such as anima and animus, heaven and hell, old man, rebirth, resurrection, shadow, passing through water, ideal mother, ascension, and recognize the mask in Attar's sonnets. Since the discussion of archetypes is a new approach in Persian literature, comprehensive research on archetypes in Attar's poetry has not been done. The works in this category are exclusive to the translation of Jung's works and articles about other poets. For this reason, I found it necessary to compare and examine the presented theories, especially the ancient patterns, with Attar's poetry, which has not been researched in this field so far. Archetypes are common concepts from past times that have been imprinted in people's minds and subconscious minds. Divan-e Ghazaliat of Attar is one of the divans of Persian poetry, which has always attracted the attention of fans of Persian mystical poetry. By examining and studying his Divan-e Ghazaliat, one can see the influence of the archetype in this valuable literary work. In this research, based on the views of Carl Gustav Jung, (Swiss psychologist), the poetic world of Attar has been looked at from the perspective of archaism. This research is organized into five chapters with the topic of "Investigation of Archetypes in Attar's Ghazals."
Studies in Humanities
Mohammad Musaei; Narges Pourshahi Aghche Kande
Abstract
This research study discusses the importance and status of criminals in Iran. Security and peace in society by bringing the guilty to punishment or imposing disciplinary measures on the supply. They lived up to the power that the government can devise is established. It seems that the defendant will ...
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This research study discusses the importance and status of criminals in Iran. Security and peace in society by bringing the guilty to punishment or imposing disciplinary measures on the supply. They lived up to the power that the government can devise is established. It seems that the defendant will escape the charge or change the term offender is charged. Unfortunately, the importance and place of a criminal are because of no paper, writing, or books. The field has been written. It is hoped the introduction of this paper to review the literature concerning the importance and place in criminal matters. The importance of reason Evidence in criminal matters refers to anything that leads to the discovery of the truth, so we are dealing with a collection of evidence and circumstances in the criminal field. The word lawsuit in legal language means the right to refer to the legal action that a person asks the court to implement the claimed right. With this interpretation, a lawsuit arises after a dispute regarding the existence or dispute of rights. Therefore, there is no connection between the right and the lawsuit. Regarding the importance of proving the right and bringing the reason.
Studies in Humanities
Tahereh Lotfizadeh; Kambiz Poushaneh; Ali Hossein Ali Beiki
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) on marital adjustment. Materials and method: This is a descriptive study, and based on the implementation method, it is considered a systematic review. The statistical population included all articles, ...
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Aim: This study aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) on marital adjustment. Materials and method: This is a descriptive study, and based on the implementation method, it is considered a systematic review. The statistical population included all articles, studies, projects, and research reports in Persian and English concerning the evaluation and results of the effectiveness of emotion focused therapy on marital compatibility (published in reputable journals).Results: After reviewing the articles in the databases, 16 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included. The results of data analysis were categorized and presented in the four axes of emotion-focused therapy and the target community, emotion-oriented therapy and the study variables, emotion-focused therapy, educational-therapeutic strategies, considerations, and suggested strategies.Conclusion: In all studies related to emotion-focused therapy where the main focus of the treatment was marital turmoil, the comparison of adjustment scale scores before and after the treatment of experimental and control groups revealed a significant improvement in marital adjustment.
Studies in Humanities
Gholam Reza Goudarzi; Hamzeh Isazadeh
Abstract
This research study discussed the factors of the progress of martial arts teachers and trainers. The qualitative method was used in the research method and according to the qualitative method in the first stage of data collection. The qualitative section's sampling method was purposeful and judgmental, ...
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This research study discussed the factors of the progress of martial arts teachers and trainers. The qualitative method was used in the research method and according to the qualitative method in the first stage of data collection. The qualitative section's sampling method was purposeful and judgmental, and then snowball sampling was used to collect information. In this research, theoretical saturation was reached by interviewing 21 people from the target samples. The data collection tools were interviews and documents, and after coding and identifying the themes, the Demitel method was used to design and validate the model. Data analysis has been done using related theme analysis methods. Then, the data obtained from twenty-one interviews were coded and analyzed using the theorizing method of a theme analysis. Findings: The results of the theme analysis showed that the grouping of codes is fifteen components. Success in coaching is one of the critical factors in combat sports and has three parts: capacity building in coaches and previous learning and analysis of the situation. Conclusion: The results of this research can be used as a basis for advancing martial arts teachers and trainers. In combat sports, the coach is considered one of the primary and central figures. Thus, identifying the influential factors in the progress of teachers and coaches was extracted and confirmed, the research framework was drawn, and its suitability was confirmed.
Studies in Humanities
Somaye Ghiasi; Abbas Abdollahi; Simin Hosseinian
Abstract
The present study investigates the mediating role of marital intimacy in the relationship between attitudes toward love and marital satisfaction in married men and women. The statistical population of this study included married men and women in Songor, of whom 174 participants were chosen by convenience ...
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The present study investigates the mediating role of marital intimacy in the relationship between attitudes toward love and marital satisfaction in married men and women. The statistical population of this study included married men and women in Songor, of whom 174 participants were chosen by convenience sampling. The data were collected using the Love Attitude, Bagarozi Marital Intimacy (2001), and Enrich Marital Satisfaction (1989) questionnaires and analyzed by structural equation modeling using PLS3 software. The results showed that only the components of Eros (β = 0.66 and P <0.001) and Agape (β = 0.31 and P <0.001) were significantly and positively associated with marital satisfaction. In addition, marital intimacy was found to be a mediator for the Eros (β = 0.49 and P <0.001) and Agape (β = 0.31 and P <0.001) components but not for the other components of the love style. This finding highlighted the mediating role of marital intimacy in the relationship between love and marital satisfaction; therefore, it should be taken into account for promoting marital relationships. Our findings also underlined the need to pay more attention to marital intimacy among couples.
Studies in Humanities
Khodadad Kariminasab
Abstract
This study examines the reflection of social changes of literature in society. The Sociology of literature, especially in the field of dramatic literature, is a less-known field for researchers. Part of this alienation is due to the need to get familiar with the two fields of sociology and dramatic literature, ...
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This study examines the reflection of social changes of literature in society. The Sociology of literature, especially in the field of dramatic literature, is a less-known field for researchers. Part of this alienation is due to the need to get familiar with the two fields of sociology and dramatic literature, which is limiting in its way, and the other part is related to the relative lack of work in this field. Of course, some research has been done, and critics such as Georg Lukacs (1885-1971) and Lucien Goldman have done valuable work in this regard. Researchers in the field of literature and art often refer to the writer's social and family conditions to understand artistic-literary works by examining the cultural, economic, and political conditions of the author in different periods of his life; they try to understand the origin of the artistic-literary works of the author and discover the hidden issues. In other words, these researchers start from the author's environmental conditions and reach the emerging works, but the author broke the tradition in this research and, in a move opposite to what has been customary, started from the emerging works and then reached the social conditions. In the term, society is the product of a gathering of people and mutual activities among those who live together and cooperate in reaching a certain goal. In addition, simple regulations govern their normal relations, and institutions and organizations ensure the continuity and stability of their society.
Studies in Humanities
Khodadad Kariminasab
Abstract
For the first time, a Swiss doctor named "Johannes Hofer" coined and used this term in an article he published to describe the mental states of two patients. This article was written on June 22, 1688. One of Dr. Hofer's patients was a student from the city of Bern who had come to Basel, and the other ...
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For the first time, a Swiss doctor named "Johannes Hofer" coined and used this term in an article he published to describe the mental states of two patients. This article was written on June 22, 1688. One of Dr. Hofer's patients was a student from the city of Bern who had come to Basel, and the other patient of this doctor was a servant. Both of these people recovered completely after returning to their families. Of course, in today's psychiatry, the correct term to refer to the problem of these patients is "adjustment disorder". Nostalgia and memories of the happy times of the past and complaints about the times and the present are topics that everyone always discusses. But this discussion has a special place in literature and poetry, and the expression of this issue is more profound in poets than others. This research attempts to address the position of nostalgia in contemporary literature and the works of the poets in question. Nostalgia is one of the most significant topics in Persian literature, which has not been discussed much. In short, nostalgia is a bitter and sweet inner feeling; They have defined objects, persons, and situations of the past, and its other meaning is a strong longing for the hometown.
Studies in Humanities
Fatemeh Aghabozuri; Tayyaba Sharifi; Dariush Jalali
Abstract
Purpose: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of community-oriented teams on the protective and risk factors of drug use among secondary school students.Method: Two boys' high schools and two girls' high schools were selected from second secondary schools in Shahrekord ...
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Purpose: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of community-oriented teams on the protective and risk factors of drug use among secondary school students.Method: Two boys' high schools and two girls' high schools were selected from second secondary schools in Shahrekord city, and then 240 students were selected as volunteers and entered the research and were assigned to two experimental and control groups. The students of both groups completed the questionnaire of protective and dangerous factors of drug use during three stages of pre-test, post-test and 3-month follow-up. Then community-oriented interventions were presented to the experimental group in 10 sessions of 120 minutes by the mental health assistants of the school in the form of direct training and educational pamphlets.Findings: The results of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that community-based prevention activities had a lasting effect on reducing the average scores of protective factors and modulating the risk factors and substance use of students. These effects are significant on individual, psychological, family and community factors, but on It was not significant on school-related factors.Conclusion: It was concluded that community-based prevention interventions can be used to improve the risk-generating and protective factors of students' drug use.
Studies in Humanities
Maryam Bastani
Abstract
As the manifestations of culture, both legend and myth have a direct and close relationship with the ethnic creativity, and herein, the concept of creativity conveys something as an artistic creation. It may not be correct to assert that both myth and art are two sides of the same coin. Based on the ...
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As the manifestations of culture, both legend and myth have a direct and close relationship with the ethnic creativity, and herein, the concept of creativity conveys something as an artistic creation. It may not be correct to assert that both myth and art are two sides of the same coin. Based on the common intentions and the goals which discriminate these two expressions, one is the method of presentation, i.e., the so-called expressive container between them, and the other is that creativity and the collective conscience is the myth creator and the main parameter of the emergence of the artistic work, is the individual creation, while based on the ultimate goal, both belong to the community and culture. The present research aimed to investigate “the mythical symbols in Nezami’s Khamsa”. After data collection, the mythical symbols were extracted from this source, and then they are categorized and explained based on various themes.
Studies in Humanities
Mehdi Hedayatnia; Somayeh Sadat Alavian; Milad Kakaie Sarjobi; Hadi Sanaeifard; Saeed Azizi; Salar Derakhshan
Abstract
The topic of employee professional development was first addressed by Gardiner et al., 2000 in charge of professional development at York University. This research study aims to investigate the relationship between educational leadership and teacher self-efficacy in the professional development of Shandong ...
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The topic of employee professional development was first addressed by Gardiner et al., 2000 in charge of professional development at York University. This research study aims to investigate the relationship between educational leadership and teacher self-efficacy in the professional development of Shandong elementary school teachers. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consists of 1260 Shandong elementary school teachers. To determine the sample size based on Morgan table, a sample of 374 (104 male and 270 female) was selected using a cluster sampling method. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test, Pearson correlation, and multivariate regression) were used to analyze the data. The educational Leadership Questionnaire from Standard, the self-efficacy questionnaire, and the teachers' professional development questionnaire was used for data collection. Professors and experts confirmed the validity of the questionnaires. The reliability of the questionnaires was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for educational leadership (0.92) and the self-efficacy questionnaire (0.78) as well as for professional development (0.97). The results revealed that the educational leadership variable with the highest impact with beta (BETA = 0.49) and self-efficacy with the negligible impact (BETA = 0.14) predict the professional development variable. The mean scores of educational leadership, self-efficacy, and professional development are above average. There is a significant relationship between educational leadership and self-efficacy in professional development.
Studies in Humanities
Kaveh Moradi; Parisa Ghiasi; Zhila Azizi Aliabadi; Hadi Sanaeifard; Somaye Belmaneh; Mehdi Hedayatnia
Abstract
Teacher training centers have an effective role in facilitating learning and the effectiveness of the teaching process by offering new curricula tailored to the human dimension. Educational systems, in the transition from quantitative issues and the generalization of education, have inevitably paid attention ...
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Teacher training centers have an effective role in facilitating learning and the effectiveness of the teaching process by offering new curricula tailored to the human dimension. Educational systems, in the transition from quantitative issues and the generalization of education, have inevitably paid attention to the quality issues of educational phenomena and have improved the quality of education through the main factor in an educational system, namely the "teacher". The concept of teacher professional development has emerged since the middle of the twentieth century with the need to implement reforms in educational systems. In generalizing this concept, research findings and comparative study of educational systems have had a great impact. This main contribution of this study is reviewing and determining the desired criteria and characteristics of teachers in the field of information and communication technology with emphasis on e-learning environment in IRAN. ICT means the use of electronic devices such as cameras, video, audio devices, computers And the Internet. In this article, for philosophical, social and psychological reasons, the teacher education curriculum based on information technology (ICT) has been examined. Then, a proposed model of curriculum development based on ICT is discussed and the professional qualifications of teachers are examined.
Studies in Humanities
Mohammad Khodakaramian; Somaye Belmaneh; Somayeh Sadat Alavian; Hadi Sanaeifard; Zhila Azizi Aliabadi; Mehdi Hedayatnia
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of teachers' game education in correcting the operational problems of first-grade elementary students in the west of Asia. This research is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test designs with an unequal control group. The statistical ...
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The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of teachers' game education in correcting the operational problems of first-grade elementary students in the west of Asia. This research is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test designs with an unequal control group. The statistical population consisted of all first-grade students of cities in the academic year of 1998-99 with 987 students. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster random sampling, and the research method was quasi-experimental, selected in each group of 10 people. Then, the word game training course was performed in 13 sessions, twice a week, for 30 min. The researcher-made test of operational problems was used to collect data. The results based on the findings revealed that the training course on wordplay is effective in improving the verbal errors related to visual, auditory, and accuracy and attention, as well as non-writing and its significance level, is 0.001. According to the results, wordplay affects errors of elementary school students, When students receive this game, their writing skills and auditory memory will improve, and they will remember things better.
Studies in Humanities
Mojtaba Mahigir
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the effect of employees’ mental health on responsibility who work in Sarableh Hospital, with the mediating role of service morale. This research was applied in terms of its purpose and nature, descriptive-correlational in terms of method, and field (survey) in data ...
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This study aimed at evaluating the effect of employees’ mental health on responsibility who work in Sarableh Hospital, with the mediating role of service morale. This research was applied in terms of its purpose and nature, descriptive-correlational in terms of method, and field (survey) in data collection. The statistical population in this study includes all staff of the Sarableh Hospital in autumn 2018, and 170 people were selected according to the statistics of the University of Medical Sciences. The required sample size was estimated through the Morgan table as 115 ones who were selected by simple random sampling from the statistical population. For data collection, three mental health questionnaires with a reliability coefficient of 0.448, responsibility with a coefficient of 0.548, and service morale with a coefficient of 0.481 were also used. The structural equation modeling using PLS and SPSS software was utilized to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that mental health positively affects responsibility and accounts for 31% of changes in responsibility variability. It has an indirect effect on responsibility through the mediating variable of service morale, and 36% of the total effect of mental health on responsibility is demonstrated through the mediating variable of service morale.
Studies in Humanities
Asad Mahdavi Rad; Ahmad Khosravi
Abstract
In recent international trade, in particular, and in some domestic transactions, it can generally cause several legal issues with which the existing regulations do not deal with. For this, this article aims to offer solutions in a different interpretation of these rules, including proving that the price ...
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In recent international trade, in particular, and in some domestic transactions, it can generally cause several legal issues with which the existing regulations do not deal with. For this, this article aims to offer solutions in a different interpretation of these rules, including proving that the price non-determination in a lump sum can not always be regarded as a reason for a transaction to be arrogant and void because the custom of such transactions is not mentioned as arrogant and practically. It is common in the community, and after studying the application of other countries' rights and the Convention provisions. Therfore this examination concluded by making two introductions: if a transaction is not from the arrogance viewpoint, it is not void, and the transaction is common recently. Sometimes its price determination has been postponed to the future, indicating such an issue. The need for this research stems from the fact that following the globalization phenomenon, the movement for unifying contract law has impacted the countries’ national laws. Thus, it is essential to remove the necessities and obstacles to the unification of contract law with comparative studies. In this regard, the proposed study examines price determination and its effect on sales in Iranian law and the 1980 Vienna Convention on International Sale
Studies in Humanities
Fatemeh Cheraghian
Abstract
This study aimed to compare spiritual intelligence, loneliness, and mental health of mothers of deaf and non-deaf children in Ilam. The statistical population included all mothers of deaf and normal children in Ilam in the academic year of 2016-2017. Likewise, the study sample included 100 mothers of ...
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This study aimed to compare spiritual intelligence, loneliness, and mental health of mothers of deaf and non-deaf children in Ilam. The statistical population included all mothers of deaf and normal children in Ilam in the academic year of 2016-2017. Likewise, the study sample included 100 mothers of deaf kids selected through the available sampling technique.The data collection instruments used in this study were the King spiritual intelligence questionnaire (SISRI), general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), and the third version of the Loneliness Scale (UCLA). The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23.The results revealed a significant difference between mothers of deaf and non-deaf kids in Ilam in terms of spiritual intelligence, feeling of loneliness, and mental health (t = 0.2). Based on the obtained results of the proposed research, spiritual intelligence plays the leading role in personal beliefs in various fields, particularly in promoting mental health. Therefore, concerning spiritual intelligence and how it deals with the feeling of loneliness and its explanation can assist mothers in realizing the concept of life and solving problems as well as their own and the other perceptions.
Studies in Humanities
Ahmad Khosravi; Asad Mahdavi Rad
Abstract
Civil liability has two branches as the contractual and non-contractual liability. If there is a contract between two or more parties and one of them commits a breach of contract (non-performance; delay in fulfilling the obligation) and the other party suffers damage, the contract’s violator has ...
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Civil liability has two branches as the contractual and non-contractual liability. If there is a contract between two or more parties and one of them commits a breach of contract (non-performance; delay in fulfilling the obligation) and the other party suffers damage, the contract’s violator has a contractual responsibility and should bear the damage. In some cases, where an individual inflicts damage on another without a contract between them, or if there is a contract, the loss is not related to the contract; there is talk of non-contractual liability. Civil liability in the law of obligations is a title to express the legal obligation to compensate for unlawful damages; whether it is a contract’s breach or a violation of the public duty of non-damages otherwise, civil liability has two significant branches from the contract. The purpose of liability is to compensate for unjust loss, which it is a loss argued in the theoretical foundations of liability, and its criteria are based on liability. Compensation for unlawful loss depends on the existence on conditions, among which is the condition of “predictability of loss” and mentioned in both contractual and coercive liability (non-contractual obligations).
Studies in Humanities
Maryam Alivand
Abstract
The present study investigates the effect of companies’ age and their intangible resources on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and companies’ performance in Kalat Mashhad industrial site. The present operational research tries to answer the question of whether the age ...
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The present study investigates the effect of companies’ age and their intangible resources on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and companies’ performance in Kalat Mashhad industrial site. The present operational research tries to answer the question of whether the age of companies and their intangible resources affect the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and companies’ performance in Kalat Mashhad industrial site.The statistical population of the present study was the financial staff of Kalat industrial site in Mashhad. Using Cochran's formula, 194 people were selected by simple random sampling. Then, research variables were examined using a reliable and valid questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and path analysis; SPSS 24 and Smart PLS3 software were also used to analyze the data.The results indicated that entrepreneurship has a significant effect on firm performance and its intangible resources. Intangible resources also have a significant effect on firm performance. But firm age did not play a moderating role in the relationship between entrepreneurship and firm performance. Finally, the results showed that intangible resources played a mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurship and firm performance.
Studies in Humanities
Fatemeh Azizmohammadi; Fatimah Ramezani
Abstract
The identity of any nation is concerned with the identity of spiritual and material lives in the territory, and its formation in the children institution of any land depends on their familiarity with the national identity and patriotism of their country. In this regard, based on the latest approach to ...
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The identity of any nation is concerned with the identity of spiritual and material lives in the territory, and its formation in the children institution of any land depends on their familiarity with the national identity and patriotism of their country. In this regard, based on the latest approach to nostalgia, which is the result of the conceptualization and research of the 90s, the proposed scrutiny aimed to study nostalgia in reading textbooks presented to the Iranian primary students. Voice for My Homeland and Liberation from the Cage are mainly among the provided stories in primary textbooks in which the activist has been exiled from his homeland to a cage. In these stories, the actors do not get lost in the different cultural atmospheres of the guest land while preserving their national identity and motherland, and they do their best to get rid of the other and reach the real self. Therefore, through a descriptive-analytical study and some library-based resources, it was attempted to comparatively study nostalgia in the reading textbooks. The results of the study revealed that nostalgia, is a self-related, individual-social emotion that has a dual nature of sadness-happiness combined with a kind of longing for the past evoked by an emotional network resulting from an active or passive external stimulus, the experience of the present link to the experience of memories.
Studies in Humanities
Fatimah Ramezani; Musa Ahmadian
Abstract
Learning English has become one of the urgencies of the current century, and thus acquiring its diverse language skills relies on the development of learners’ abilities in an educational context. In this domain, teachers play a vital role through scaffolding techniques to aid in enhancing pupil’s ...
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Learning English has become one of the urgencies of the current century, and thus acquiring its diverse language skills relies on the development of learners’ abilities in an educational context. In this domain, teachers play a vital role through scaffolding techniques to aid in enhancing pupil’s educational levels in obtaining learning objectives. The proposed study is considered descriptive-analytical based on its methodology and applied for its purpose. Indeed, the research′s primary purpose is to investigate the impact of scaffolding ELT lessons on students in Iran and to provide useful suggestions for improving EFL learners in the underlying context. The sample size is 60 people (male = 30 and female = 30) in the age range of 15-25 years of both genders, which is carried out based on a random sampling method as the approximate statistical population.Furthermore, 30 English teachers of both genders (male = 15 and female = 15) in the age range of 25-40 years old were interviewed to conclude the true condition in the ELT domain, particularly in Iran. It should also be noted that written consent is received from all participants. Data collection was conducted through some methods like observation. The study′s results revealed that scaffolding techniques influence Iran’s EFL context.
