Original Article
Ghafar Zaeri
Abstract
Realization of Political Endeavor requires playing the appropriate and optimal role by mass media in the field of communication and raising people’s political information level. As an independent variable, mass media have direct and undeniable impact on establishment of political endeavor (Institutionalism) ...
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Realization of Political Endeavor requires playing the appropriate and optimal role by mass media in the field of communication and raising people’s political information level. As an independent variable, mass media have direct and undeniable impact on establishment of political endeavor (Institutionalism) as dependent variable. Direct and indirect role of mass media in institutionalism of political endeavor leads to national political correlation and spreading participative political culture. As messengers and interpreters of various dimensions and perspectives of political endeavor, mass media are considered as effective factor toward political convergence and integration within System of Islamic Republic of Iran. The culture- making effects of mass media may cause to reduce political dichotomy, discord, and gaps and to convert approach of political endeavor into a platform for political integration and correlation in the community. Mass media may convey concepts and idea of political endeavor to political and social body of the society. Software capability of mass media causes effectiveness, potential, and legitimacy of political system. The present research is mainly intended to study on role of mass media in establishment of political endeavor. Creation and development of political stability, prevention from inter-systemic crises and conflicts, improvement of political participation culture are some of cultural and political potentials of mass media. The main question of this investigation is: What impact do mass media exert on political endeavor? Research hypothesis denotes that mass media may play an effective role in political endeavor. The major objective of this study is the interpretation and description of the relationship between variables of mass media and political endeavor.
Original Article
Mohsen Shafaee; Hossein-Ali Bahramzadeh
Abstract
The present research sets out to answer the question if there is any significant relationship between organizational commitment, organizational culture and employee performance in the courts of the east Golestan Province. The method of research was descriptive, i.e. survey kind, and there was a correlation ...
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The present research sets out to answer the question if there is any significant relationship between organizational commitment, organizational culture and employee performance in the courts of the east Golestan Province. The method of research was descriptive, i.e. survey kind, and there was a correlation with the statistical population of the employees of the east Golestan Courts with 200 personnel. The method of the sampling of this research is simple random. The data were collected through library and field method and the instruments used were a standard questionnaire on organizational commitment (Allen and Meyer), a questionnaire about organizational culture (Hofsted) and a questionnaire on employee performance (Hersigold Smith). The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach’s Alpha as 0.949, 0.945 and 0.946 respectively for organizational commitment, organizational culture and employee performance. The establishment and validity of the instrument were confirmed by content method. Moreover, as for analyzing the data of the courts of the east Golestan province, there was a significant relationship. The research method involved the correlation test of Spearman and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (Ks) was used for examining the normal distribution of the data using SPSS software. The results show that there is a significant relationship between organizational commitment, organizational culture and the employee performance of the courts of the east Golestan Province.
Original Article
Behnam Sahranavard; Roghayyeh Hajhosseini
Abstract
The incident of Islamic Revolution in 1979 and following it the fundamental changes in dimensional structure of international power may define primarily the great historical objects, which appeared with Islamic Vigilantism at regional level. The revival stream of Islamic politics at present time, which ...
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The incident of Islamic Revolution in 1979 and following it the fundamental changes in dimensional structure of international power may define primarily the great historical objects, which appeared with Islamic Vigilantism at regional level. The revival stream of Islamic politics at present time, which has been affected by strong knowledge effects and under influence of Islamic Revolution, was practically and clearly manifested and exposed the major regional dependent systems caused by introducing Islamic policy principles. Islamic vigilantism (awakening) is a part of illustration process and uprising among Islamic Community (Umma) that it finally reaches them to cultural, intellectual, and political independence. After interpretation of Islamic Revolution reflects an national and international levels in this research based on peaceful process and idealistic theories and then dealing with subject of Islamic vigilantism as one of the external manifestations of Islamic Revolution this question will be answered that: What are some reasons and signs of dimensional change in international power and those factors and what is the Islamic Revolution prophecy (mission) in this regard? Afterwards, with employing research documents, sources, and findings, it is deduced that in today chaotic world, rather than modern reengineering on ideological, cultural, and religions issues and playing a positive and effective role in changing of international power equations, Islamic Republic should consider the regional and international requirements and contingencies with improving domestic potential and through adaptation to the objectives, which were drawn by the existing tools, it may create a clear outlook in this course.
Original Article
Saeed Abdollahyar; Alireza Masihpoor
Abstract
Several theories have been purposed regarding type and quality of government and politics in the history of Islamic jurisprudence and political doctrines. Theories of jurist absolute mandate (or jurist general authority) and proxy of jurist (the prudent authority) are some of these doctrines. Theory ...
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Several theories have been purposed regarding type and quality of government and politics in the history of Islamic jurisprudence and political doctrines. Theories of jurist absolute mandate (or jurist general authority) and proxy of jurist (the prudent authority) are some of these doctrines. Theory of jurist absolute mandate as the concept of authority over leadership in Muslim community has been confirmed by majority of Islamic jurisprudents from the beginning while doctrine of jurist’s proxy has a short history and it has been posited by some researchers at present time. With comparing these two doctrines, it may be implied that in theory of jurist absolute mandate, immediate divine legality and God’s governance right have caused people to play the role at phase of realization of the government. But they play essential and determinant role at the stage of enforcement of power and governance. In contrast, public legitimacy and right governance over people is the main basis for theory of jurist’s proxy. Given that in this theory since people are joint owners of their land and living place thus they assign right of governance of their land through proxyship to another person or group in order to manage the aforesaid living settlement for symbiosis and peaceful well-being of citizens. Therefore, according to this doctrine, one could assume an original and essential role for the people both at phase of creating the government and at the stage of power enforcement.
Original Article
Mahboubeh Fathi Rkabdary
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the regulatory ownership on conservatism of accounting firms in Tehran Stock Exchange. In doing so, data from 121 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange from 1385 to 1390 were used. And using a panel analysis method alongside Eviews software, ...
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the regulatory ownership on conservatism of accounting firms in Tehran Stock Exchange. In doing so, data from 121 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange from 1385 to 1390 were used. And using a panel analysis method alongside Eviews software, research hypotheses were investigated. To measure conservatism, two models of Shiva Kumar and Basu Ball have been used. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between regulatory ownership, conservatism of firms accounting sector. This means by increasing regulatory use of conservative methods in economic units will decrease.
Original Article
Seyed Mahdi Sajjadi; Sareh Ansari
Abstract
Nowadays negative implications of Globalization, the crisis of values, crisis of media, consumerism, and lack of cultural identification, impatience in the face of religion, virtual identification and loss of religious and traditional values are the main challenges confronting students. Besides transfer ...
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Nowadays negative implications of Globalization, the crisis of values, crisis of media, consumerism, and lack of cultural identification, impatience in the face of religion, virtual identification and loss of religious and traditional values are the main challenges confronting students. Besides transfer of knowledge, schools are responsible for educating the graduates, too. It means that it should invest in flourishing all existential dimensions of students including intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual, and moral dimensions and care for their education and productivity. Now this question arises is that since religious education is a process accomplished through granting vision, genuine and practical obligation to the person, in harmony with his nature and far from force and pressure, in order to gain this- and other-worldly prosperity, can the school undertake this important responsibility or not and in the case of disability to fulfill this duty, should religious education be deschooled; i.e. the mission of religious education should be assigned to institutions other than school or not? The findings of this investigation show that religious education doesn’t have desirable situation and the new generation doesn’t receive the religious thoughts and behaviors as is qualified. Teachers use grade and other quantitative indices to teach values and morality and evaluate the progress in religious education of students; this results in duality of the student’s identity, personality and behavior, because they are not motivated internally to learn religious issues. On the other hand, in Islamic societies, the administrators and politicians cannot be irresponsible for the religious education of members of their society. According to the doctrines of the true religion, Islam, governors and politicians are obliged to attempt to accomplish this affair, so ministry of education in Iran as a public institution has taken the charge of this affair and schools are charged with delivering religious and divine education to the students and the necessity of deschooling the religious education is denied in Islamic republic of Iran and since our formal education is directly governed by the government and is mentioned in national document of school curriculum and also the document of fundamental transition in education, the objective of education is to educate a religious and committed human being, we may not separate the religious education of students from school. So the possibility of deschooling from religious education in Iran is denied, too. But the tenure of government and formal education relating to religious education is conditional upon conditions, that if accomplished, the tenure will be permitted. In this article these conditions are indicated in detail.
Original Article
Mohammad Rahim Rahnama; Alireza Bidkhori; Amirali Kharazmi
Abstract
Urban has been defined as an autonomous and complex system. Despite the overwhelming differences between urban growths around the world, their growth still follows some universal mechanisms. Darwin’s theory of evolution might have enlightened an innovative view to perform the research of urban ...
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Urban has been defined as an autonomous and complex system. Despite the overwhelming differences between urban growths around the world, their growth still follows some universal mechanisms. Darwin’s theory of evolution might have enlightened an innovative view to perform the research of urban development, as a consequence many researchers have been trying to link their research to the biological metaphor of urban evolution. In the context of an analogy to biology, urban can be seen as ‘organic’ and many concepts from biology can be borrowed to explain the ‘uncertainty’ and ‘relativity’ of urban growth processes. Urban DNA is one of the innovative concepts, which has been used to describe the unique characteristics of urban and the common fundamental elements of each urban area. As Hall (2008) stated “every city has its own DNA, something that makes it unique, and that's part of what makes this city unique”. The main ideas of applying the concept of urban DNA involve identifying the key factors/ metrics which reflect urban characteristics, therefore allowing the understanding the cities’ characteristics with urban DNA. This would allow, among other things, to identify or propose optimal urban form and allowing ‘smooth’ transition of growth patterns and the characteristics of urban from a suboptimal urban form. As Silva (2004) explained, the possibility of defining this ‘key’ (DNA) for each region seems to be of great significance in the planning studies. It allows for the understanding of how the different elements that constraint the functioning of urban system progress and constrain different regions, and what function they should have in shaping future scenarios. This research explores the theory aspects of urban DNA, and makes an attempt to link this concept with an integrated urban growth model (DG-ABC). The simulation results of a pilot study are analyzed in the context of the biology analogy in order to test the possibility of deriving urban DNA from DG-ABC model, by doing so we hope to understand how the key factors and parameters influence the formation of urban patterns, and therefore allowing making optimal solutions to urban growth problems.
