Arman Ghaysvandi; Fardin Mostafaei; Mohsen Mostafaei
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2012, , Pages 27-36
Abstract
This research investigates sociocultural changes in the rural areas of Iran. A major political and social topic of Iran in terms of sociology is the investigation of sociocultural changes process. Findings show that, various changes have occurred in sociocultural relations and tendency to the values ...
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This research investigates sociocultural changes in the rural areas of Iran. A major political and social topic of Iran in terms of sociology is the investigation of sociocultural changes process. Findings show that, various changes have occurred in sociocultural relations and tendency to the values and new and modern facilities in the rural areas resulted from human resource development, demographic changes, reforming the land and mode of production, changing consumption patterns, changes in decision-making system, enhanced social and media communications, measures in rural development and increase of public awareness in recent decades. Consequently, investigation of these changes is very important and strategic to understand sociocultural structures and relations as well as to make the strategies and processes of rural development planning. The research method is descriptive and the required data have been gathered from library and archives references.
Hamid Bagheri; Mehdi Naghavi; Mehdi Soltanian; Somayeh Bagheri
Volume 4, Issue 1 , January 2015, , Pages 27-31
Abstract
In the present world, training andculture-building practices are considered as much important, fundamental and key subjects which can be relied as a one the main prerequisites for planning. Prevention of crime and social deviations,is not a task for which a specific organization to be responsible; but ...
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In the present world, training andculture-building practices are considered as much important, fundamental and key subjects which can be relied as a one the main prerequisites for planning. Prevention of crime and social deviations,is not a task for which a specific organization to be responsible; but also, it is a multi-aspect issue which requires participation of all organizations and individuals. In this regard, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of culture-building practiceson decreasing trend of crime among the people of Ilam city. With regard to exploratory nature of this study, it was carried out as theoretical analysis using literature review by documentary method and then, by questionnaire production and distribution and finally, results analysis. After the results analysis, it was concluded that, there is a significant relationship between crime occurrence and lack of knowledge and culture-building practices among the people. The factors affecting crime occurrence in order of priority are: religious values, scientific courses and information of the offender’s futurity, identity giving, behavior control, individual and social values, fundamental values and motivational methods.
HasanAli Pourmand; HamidReza Ameri Siahouei; Mohammadreza Yeganeh
Abstract
Tourism as one of the most important factors areas ‘development is an exchange an balanced activity which lead to social and economic development in regional level and justly distribution of income and also, it contributing the employment and today, its related activities included the largest industrial ...
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Tourism as one of the most important factors areas ‘development is an exchange an balanced activity which lead to social and economic development in regional level and justly distribution of income and also, it contributing the employment and today, its related activities included the largest industrial sector and world exports.Ecotourism is a type of tourism which is basis on special advantages of natrual history in one region. Ecotourism has comparative advantage than in other branches of ectourism in Iran.Hormoz Island is one of the vulnerable areas in this field. Tourism development of Hormoz island, providing new employment opportunities for local people by is an instroment which will be give an again life to this area and causing development of this area. Other hand, tourism development of the island of Hormoz without the proper planning will result in irreparable harm and loss. Therefore, according to the capability and environmental characteristics of region should be use specific strategic and approaches to utilize planning for tourism development of the island of Hormoz.The aim of this paper is consideration of the impacts of recreational tourist center on the island of Hormoz in southern Iran with native architecture to understand the importance of building amenities and easy commute to attract tourists and make them familiar with the beliefs and customs of a place to study and culture of ocal area with the least damage to the environment.Therefore, after considering the concepts of ecotourism, indigenous architecture oriented in the study area and potential factors of the island of Hormoz to assess how the island has become a tourist area with the least damage to the environment. Finally, the conditions and results of SWOT analysis will be described.
Mohammad Rahim Rahnama; Mohammad Ajza Shokouhi; Akbar Heydari
Abstract
Strategic urban planning has become an important tool promoted by local governments for the city’s economic and social development project design. To achieve this, In order to, it is necessary to adopt a strategic planning approach to enhance the quality of life process. The aim of this paper is ...
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Strategic urban planning has become an important tool promoted by local governments for the city’s economic and social development project design. To achieve this, In order to, it is necessary to adopt a strategic planning approach to enhance the quality of life process. The aim of this paper is evaluating the status of Strategic Planning (SP) in enhancing quality of life (QOF) in Saqqez city. In so doing , the applied methodology is based on qualitative and quantitative methods with point on social indicators to adjusting the level of quality of life in the spatial system of the regions and reduction and removal of the existing inequalities among urban districts of Saqqez city by consideration of strategic planning approaches. Results showed that from the 100% of statistical population in Saqqez city about 45% had 20- 35 years old with Diploma and higher education (10% diploma, 15% MA and MS and about 20% of them have MS and upper academic education) and almost of Saqqez citizens have under 200$ income per month while poverty line in Iran can be detected with revenues of about $ 500 per month. In the end of this presented some solve ways.
Studies in Humanities
Tahereh Lotfizadeh; Kambiz Poushaneh; Ali Hossein Ali Beiki
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) on marital adjustment. Materials and method: This is a descriptive study, and based on the implementation method, it is considered a systematic review. The statistical population included all articles, ...
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Aim: This study aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) on marital adjustment. Materials and method: This is a descriptive study, and based on the implementation method, it is considered a systematic review. The statistical population included all articles, studies, projects, and research reports in Persian and English concerning the evaluation and results of the effectiveness of emotion focused therapy on marital compatibility (published in reputable journals).Results: After reviewing the articles in the databases, 16 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included. The results of data analysis were categorized and presented in the four axes of emotion-focused therapy and the target community, emotion-oriented therapy and the study variables, emotion-focused therapy, educational-therapeutic strategies, considerations, and suggested strategies.Conclusion: In all studies related to emotion-focused therapy where the main focus of the treatment was marital turmoil, the comparison of adjustment scale scores before and after the treatment of experimental and control groups revealed a significant improvement in marital adjustment.
Naser Peikari; Rasoul Lotfi; Hadi Makhdomi
Volume 4, Issue 2 , April 2015, , Pages 92-101
Abstract
Today's world is a world that has been affected by the plurality of values, a fragmented world, a world with various ways of living, a world in which, as “Sartre" puts it, values do not take precedence over us, but rather they are succeeding us. Therefore an era, in which we live, is called networked ...
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Today's world is a world that has been affected by the plurality of values, a fragmented world, a world with various ways of living, a world in which, as “Sartre" puts it, values do not take precedence over us, but rather they are succeeding us. Therefore an era, in which we live, is called networked society, values are redefined every day, and these values have a decisive role in shaping our identity. In fact, today, the media have transcended geographical, cultural and political boundaries and by its growing and increasing expansion, it has gone beyond the socio-political sphere and has also affected the identity of contemporary human; in a way that, the identity of modern human can be called media identity. Therefore, more than any other time, there is a need for revealing identities and verification and acknowledgment of it by others within the network which can be employed as a fundamental force for understanding the world and introducing self to others. In the meantime, social networks from 2005 onwards have allocated most of the Internet users to themselves and by creating a virtual community and the like-minded groups they have played a great role in creating identity of the individuals. The present study, through the theoretical-analytical method, evaluates the role of these networks in creating and shaping people's identities.
Jamileh Hadizadeh; Saman Hosini
Volume 1, Issue 2 , March 2012, , Pages 93-99
Abstract
Today, effort for acquisition most share (contribution, partake) in creation additional value, is important more than this. Countries are tracking for procedures that it helps to them until they create wealth and values for their society and universities (include or to count) are motive motor for development ...
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Today, effort for acquisition most share (contribution, partake) in creation additional value, is important more than this. Countries are tracking for procedures that it helps to them until they create wealth and values for their society and universities (include or to count) are motive motor for development economical countries and generator investment in new technology. Technological parks and entrepreneur centers settle down in universities, play main role or unique function in tendency of students to entrepreneur. Technology parks and entrepreneur centers settle down in universities can play very important role in developing and propagation entrepreneur between students in universities. The goal or purpose of this paper determine the function or role of technology parks and entrepreneur centers in universities, in propagation entrepreneur culture and identifying limits or obstacles or barriers and tendency procedures to entrepreneur between students. The present method of study (or verification or investigation) is qualitative and investigation tools or instruments are interview. Results show that or indicated that to propagation or promotion entrepreneur in universities, technology parks and entrepreneur should increase aware and concerned or interest students to matters or subjects of entrepreneur by allocate sufficient credits, develop entrepreneur cores and support them.
Fateme Moradian Fard; Elahe AghaBabaie
Volume 2, Issue 2 , April 2013, , Pages 97-107
Abstract
This study aimed at examining whether co-teaching strategy could maximize EFL students' reading comprehension more than the traditional single person teaching. To fulfill the study, 90 female students were selected from among 120 students of intermediate EFL learners already passed level five at two ...
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This study aimed at examining whether co-teaching strategy could maximize EFL students' reading comprehension more than the traditional single person teaching. To fulfill the study, 90 female students were selected from among 120 students of intermediate EFL learners already passed level five at two private language institutes in Shahre-Kord. They were all female, between seventeen to twenty in age. Three experienced female teachers took part in the study. After administering the Nelson Proficiency Test, 60 students whose score range fell one standard deviation above and below the mean were selected and divided into a control group and an experimental group. In the treatment part, reading comprehension section was implemented by one teacher for the control group while for the experimental group, teaching reading section was done by two teachers. Finally, a post-test on reading comprehension was conducted for both groups, and a t-test analysis was conducted to see whether the treatment was significant or not. The findings of the study revealed that there was a significant difference between the control and the experimental group in terms of their reading improvement and that experimental group outperformed the control group.
Hamid Reza Salehi; Ann Marie Mangion
Volume 3, Issue 2 , April 2014, , Pages 97-102
Abstract
The tendency to beauty is an intrinsic and natural desire and quest of every human-being. According to the history, surgery to improve one’s looks existed in Alexandria and in ancient Rome. Considering the developments and expansions made in the meaning of ''Disease'', the psychiatrists and knowledgeable ...
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The tendency to beauty is an intrinsic and natural desire and quest of every human-being. According to the history, surgery to improve one’s looks existed in Alexandria and in ancient Rome. Considering the developments and expansions made in the meaning of ''Disease'', the psychiatrists and knowledgeable people at that time, started to declare that the person’s physical defects were a reflection of an inner mental disorder , thus physical features which did not meet a certain degree of perfection were seen as a kind of disease and consequently cosmetic surgical operations aimed at reflecting inner beauty, in this case, mental beauty were seen as the only kind of treatment of this disease. The main doubts regarding the legality of cosmetic surgeries were removed by considering the aim of the treatment of these kinds of surgeries and also the contemporary theories in authorization of surgeries aimed at improving one’s looks, so that cosmetic surgeries now are considered legal and lawful. Although in most legal systems as well as in Islamic countries, the nature of medical obligations is the obligation to the means, however in some special cases, the nature of medical obligations is the obligation to the results. In the Iranian's legal system, the nature of surgeons’ obligations has been introduced as the obligation to the results which seems reasonable and logical. So in this article, with a brief description of the history of the subject and the views of proponents and opponents, the nature of surgeons obligations it's been tried to comparatively study. An analytical investigation of the nature of the obligations of the surgeons has been dealt with in some controversial, common and related instances, i.e cosmetic and/or plastic surgery.
Fatemeh Hosseini Dowlatabadi; Sajjad Saadat; Sobhan Jahangiri
Volume 5, Issue 2 , April 2016, , Pages 102-110
Abstract
Marital satisfaction is the objective feeling of satisfaction and pleasure from spouse, considering all aspects of marriage. Religious attitude is known as one of the factors that can be associated with marital satisfaction because the religion is guidelines for life and a system of beliefs and values, ...
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Marital satisfaction is the objective feeling of satisfaction and pleasure from spouse, considering all aspects of marriage. Religious attitude is known as one of the factors that can be associated with marital satisfaction because the religion is guidelines for life and a system of beliefs and values, which can affect marriage. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between religious attitudes and marital satisfaction. This research is an analytic-descriptive correlation study. The study samples were 150 married personnel of departments of education in 2012 in Rasht city, and in order to investigate the validity of the study, all individuals were tested. Finally, 139 patients (74 female, 64 male) completed their questionnaires thoroughly, which were analyzed. In order to collect data, Religious Attitude Questionnaire with 96 % reliability coefficient and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire with 70 % reliability were used. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between marital satisfaction and religious attitudes and the results of linear regression analysis, using Enter method, Indicated that religious attitudes explains 10% of the variance in marital satisfaction. Other findings showed that there is not a significant difference between gender and marital satisfaction, and religious attitudes.
Maryam Siyavash; Abbass Abolghasemi
Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, , Pages 102-109
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the role of self-regulation behaviors in predicting treatment readiness and symptoms severity in depressed patients. It was a correlational study and its statistical population consisted all depressed patients referring to health centers of Rasht city in ...
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The aim of the present study was to determine the role of self-regulation behaviors in predicting treatment readiness and symptoms severity in depressed patients. It was a correlational study and its statistical population consisted all depressed patients referring to health centers of Rasht city in 2015. The sample included 100 depressed patients selected via accessible sampling method. Data was gathered by Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck, 1996), Self-Regulation Scale (Ibanez et al, 2005) and Minnesota Multidimensional Personality Inventory (MMPI; Hathaway, & McKinley, 1943), and analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis. The results showed that self-regulation behaviors could predict 0.27 of treatment readiness and 0.30 of symptoms severity in depressed patients. These findings may have important clinical implications for pathology and prevention from depression
Studies in Social Science
Lizashree Hazarika
Abstract
Paternalism is a complicated issue which has both theoretical and normative implications. The debate on paternalism is basically about investigating the justificatory arguments. This paper analyzes certain moral conditions under which a paternalistic attitude or behavior is considered to be problematic. ...
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Paternalism is a complicated issue which has both theoretical and normative implications. The debate on paternalism is basically about investigating the justificatory arguments. This paper analyzes certain moral conditions under which a paternalistic attitude or behavior is considered to be problematic. It undertakes the task of critically explaining and interpreting different philosophical stances and arguments with regard to these conditions proposed and developed by moral philosophers. In addition to these, the paper attempts to understand and appreciate debate with regard to practical issues of our daily life where the idea of paternalism is seen to be playing a crucial role. And the concept of paternalism is defined followed by discussing the normative issues along with the debate on paternalism.
Nastaran Haji Heydari; Fatemeh Biglary
Volume 7, Issue 2 , April 2018, , Pages 125-137
Abstract
Outsourcing in many of large, medium and small scale international companies is considered as a solution to reduce costs and increase incomes; it doesn’t imply that increase in outsourcing level isn’t involved with any problem. Although companies benefit from outsourcing to economize their ...
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Outsourcing in many of large, medium and small scale international companies is considered as a solution to reduce costs and increase incomes; it doesn’t imply that increase in outsourcing level isn’t involved with any problem. Although companies benefit from outsourcing to economize their costs (cost saving), there are unsuccessful outsourcing experiences which cause lack of achievement of the expected service level. Despite such issues, companies prefer to outsource their information technology (IT) services. The purpose of this article could be stated as identifying effective factors which cause IT companies face risks during outsourcing of their IT projects. Such objective is investigated using meta-synthesis method and prioritized factors. Besides, their influence level is determined using questionnaires. In the present study, effective factors influencing risk of IT projects outsourcing are extracted. Main variables consist of: contract, costs, security, legal factors, new technologies and innovation, Contractor exclusive issues and finally client items. These variables are validated by experts of this field then distributed throughout the companies which have ranked primarily by the Informatics council. They have been given (hold) the exploitation permit from previous industrial and mines ministry. Concerning descriptive statistics, among the 39 factors, the factors which were given the highest priority are as follow respectively: First of all, deviation from the contract terms and conditions. Second, insufficient allocation of time to execute the contract, and third, contractor poor performance, Forth, costs due to undelivered items and Finally using the contracts which aren’t prepared based on a specific procedure.
Hojjatollah.ghe. Moniri; Nushin Dohniyatkar
Abstract
Mythology as one of imagination tools and also as one of the most significant elements of rhetoric has been used since the early usher of Persian poetry, though with its own ups and downs. Mythology has a different and significant role compared to previous ages especially during the first decade of Islamic ...
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Mythology as one of imagination tools and also as one of the most significant elements of rhetoric has been used since the early usher of Persian poetry, though with its own ups and downs. Mythology has a different and significant role compared to previous ages especially during the first decade of Islamic Revolution (Sacred defense period). Since the analysis and investigation of this role has not been written yet, the present research tries to investigate translate and metaphoric roles through a simple and systematic design. In addition, it presents the position and statue of the poets who are in line with Islamic Revolution. In this paper, it is also shown that: poets and orators of the period are not at the same level due to the experience and creativity and qualitative and quantitative efficiency of the myths. Some reach this level through recreating old patterns and integrating them with historical samples in a splendid language which is an integration of modern expression and Khorasani (a category of Urdu). Some others put a step forward and narrated some value symbols (abstract or conceptual) of their passionate history. Finally, a group of poets did not implement this magic element of imagination and their poetic symbols lack the visionary ambiguities of mythology.
Alireza Karimi; Morteza Khosro Panah
Volume 1, Issue 3 , July 2012, , Pages 151-162
Abstract
The main question of the present study is an investigation into the influential factors in formation of cultural ties between Iran and Europe during Ilkhanian reign in Iran. Common beliefs between Ilkhanan dynasty and Europe constitutes the primary hypothesis and elements like obeying cultural policies ...
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The main question of the present study is an investigation into the influential factors in formation of cultural ties between Iran and Europe during Ilkhanian reign in Iran. Common beliefs between Ilkhanan dynasty and Europe constitutes the primary hypothesis and elements like obeying cultural policies of Ghenghis , close observation on religious promotions of Christians in Iran and their role within Islamic lands and Iran make the secondary hypothesis. Finally the common grounds between Ikhanian dynasty and Europe is the alternative hypothesis. The research findings show the main hypothesis to be the most important element and other hypotheses to be other factors in establishing cultural relationship. Alternative hypothesis findings show this fact that although Europe and Ilkhanian dynasty had same strategies in one aspect (Conquered Lands), but this issue never played an important role in their cultural ties, but they exerted cultural exploitation out of it. This study is concerned with influential cultural factors and their degree of effectiveness.Research method is descriptive-analytic and Iranian and foreign sources were used.
Banik Bijoy Krishna
Volume 2, Issue 3 , July 2013, , Pages 159-170
Abstract
This paper is an attempt to focus on dilemma about whether micro finance program has any impact on poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. Exploring the linkage of being a recipient of micro finance with improving health conditions was the main purpose. Information was collected through individual interviews ...
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This paper is an attempt to focus on dilemma about whether micro finance program has any impact on poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. Exploring the linkage of being a recipient of micro finance with improving health conditions was the main purpose. Information was collected through individual interviews of micro finance recipients in a certain area of the Northern Bangladesh. It has been found that micro finance program has been able to improve recipients’ hygienic knowledge. The number of people cleaning both hands before taking meals, using clean water during cooking and drinking arsenic free water found mainly rising. Accordingly as suggested, it may be possible to improve health conditions of the poor by increasing their accessibility to micro finance programs which have facilities for dispensing healthcare services.
Gholamreza Soleimani Amiri; Najmeh Khodabakhshi
Volume 3, Issue 3 , July 2014, , Pages 175-187
Abstract
The present article examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance listed in the Tehran Stock exchange. In order to collect information pertaining to corporate social responsibility, a questionnaire was used containing questions on social responsibility regarding ...
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The present article examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance listed in the Tehran Stock exchange. In order to collect information pertaining to corporate social responsibility, a questionnaire was used containing questions on social responsibility regarding customers, employees, the environment and institutions within the society; corporate financial performance was measured using the Return on Assets (ROE). For this purpose 71 companies were examined in the time span from 2009 to 2013. To analyze the data, statistical regression was applied. Results of the research indicate the presence of a relationship between financial performance and the social responsibility towards customers and the environment, while no significant relationship was observed between the employees and social institutions. The present research shall assist managers in developing effective websites related to corporate social responsibility in order to achieve superior financial performance in the long term. It also provides a perspective, for companies, regarding the role of social responsibility in gaining future benefits.
Afsaneh Soroushyar; Saeid Ali Ahmadi
Volume 5, Issue 3 , July 2016, , Pages 181-191
Abstract
Considering the current magnificent increase in the incidence of the restatements in capital market, encourage the researchers to study the causes and consequences of restatements. However, among of these factors, the role of corporate governance mechanism attracted more attention. This paper seeks to ...
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Considering the current magnificent increase in the incidence of the restatements in capital market, encourage the researchers to study the causes and consequences of restatements. However, among of these factors, the role of corporate governance mechanism attracted more attention. This paper seeks to examine the relationship between of the corporate governance and the financial restatement in the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). This study evaluates the effects of various independent variables on the financial restatement using a logistic regression analysis approach for 111 companies over a 10 year period (2001-2010). The results indicate that the boards of director independent and auditor tenure are negative significant with financial restatements. Also, the results show that the audit type and the change number of the boards of director are associated with financial restatements positively. However, the empirical evidence indicates that CEO change, CEO tenure, institutional ownership, and the size of the boards of director do not have significant impact on the likelihood of financial restatement. Overall, the results presented in the paper indicate that the week corporate governance can increase financial restatement and decrease financial statement quality probability.
Moosa Ghasemi; Javad Novzary poor; Zahra Akbary
Volume 6, Issue 3 , July 2017, , Pages 185-192
Abstract
Consumer behavior, marketing is one of the branches of the elements such as psychology, marketing, economics is formed. Marketing managers and marketers can study consumer behavior and knowledge of their behavior before the purchase, during the purchase and after the purchase and the consumer decision ...
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Consumer behavior, marketing is one of the branches of the elements such as psychology, marketing, economics is formed. Marketing managers and marketers can study consumer behavior and knowledge of their behavior before the purchase, during the purchase and after the purchase and the consumer decision process in order to satisfy customers and improve marketing and sales performance have a good. ، , Brand equity can lead to product reputation, high quality products to inspire shoppers, very strong mental image of the product in the minds of customers and become one of the major assets.
AliReza Hasanlu; Mostafa Jafari
Volume 4, Issue 3 , July 2015, , Pages 197-210
Abstract
The study responds to two key questions: 1. Which one of the political literacy components has a greater impact on intellectual capital and its components? 2. How are the quantity and quality of this effectiveness? This study is based on the relationship between political literacy and intellectual capital ...
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The study responds to two key questions: 1. Which one of the political literacy components has a greater impact on intellectual capital and its components? 2. How are the quantity and quality of this effectiveness? This study is based on the relationship between political literacy and intellectual capital among the staff of the Department of Education in Zanjan province. According to objective, result and methodology, this study can be considered descriptive - explanatory, applied and surveying (field work), respectively. The study population consisted of consisted of 245 employees working in the general office of Department of Education, Zanjan. The sample size was determined as 152 subjects by simple random sampling method. The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. The research hypotheses were tested using the followings: Structural equation modeling method, dispersion indices, Pearson test and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Lisrel and SPSS applications. The results showed a significant relationship between political literacy that the components and intellectual capital. The results also indicated that political understanding and perception and understanding of national interests can increase the level of intellectual capital in the target population. Due to increased political issues and activities in Zanjan's Department of Education, providing useful programs to develop knowledge and gain social awareness and necessary skills in the field of political literacy in such organizations can lead to increased political literacy, and thus, it will improve the IC.
Golnaz Moradi Pasand; Alireza Lotfi Dodaran; Mozafar Bashokuh
Volume 2, Issue 4 , October 2013, , Pages 218-229
Abstract
Capital punishment or death penalty is a social enforcement guarantee which have existed in all societies and civilizations since past, and have taken many victims. Although today, this punishment has revoked in many countries completely and many international documents and treaties consider it as a ...
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Capital punishment or death penalty is a social enforcement guarantee which have existed in all societies and civilizations since past, and have taken many victims. Although today, this punishment has revoked in many countries completely and many international documents and treaties consider it as a violation of human rights, but still, there are some countries and governments that have maintained this punishment in their laws and against some political, social or religious crimes are applied. Despite many altercations and discussions that about the abolition or retention of the capital punishment has been started about two hundred years ago and each of the opponents or fans have expressed reasons and arguments about approval or rejection, yet, certainly we cannot believe that the capital punishment is an unhelpful and effective legal. But a useful practical solution is that to maintain the right of live of individuals and observe their inherent value, which has been highly regarded in recently years, at least in some crimes, opponents views should be preferred the disciple views and as much as possible, cases for applying it in laws should be reduced and its enforcement should be limited to some very serious and harmful crimes, especially with regard to that in contemporary world, the purpose of punishment is not punishing or penalizing, but also its purpose is correction and nurturance of offenders and restore him/her to normal life.
Bakhtyar Khosravi; Reza Mokhtari Malakabadi; Nafise Marsoosi
Volume 1, Issue 4 , October 2012, , Pages 229-238
Abstract
The advent of new and numerous cities and the expansion of the existing cities are considered as important phenomena that have come into existence in today's world under the subject of the urban development in the economic and social lives of different countries . A system of different cities with differing ...
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The advent of new and numerous cities and the expansion of the existing cities are considered as important phenomena that have come into existence in today's world under the subject of the urban development in the economic and social lives of different countries . A system of different cities with differing sizes defines a function of cities' sizes distribution relating to itself where the urban economy deals with its characteristics. Urban development takes place in countries commonly in the form of existing cities growth, creation of new cities or both. Urban development is influenced by different factors like economic factors. In fact there is a bilateral affecting and being affected relation of the urban development and the economic growth that can be delineated interactively between the city and the economy. The growth of the cities' sizes has a spatial pattern, in the sense that the growth of any city is affected by the neighboring cities' sizes growth. The border economy without paying attention to the urban economy and planning has resulted in the midterm growth whose negative consequences have contributed to the stagnation of this type of the economy and disorder in the symmetrical expansion of the cities. The border city of Baneh has been experiencing a border economy trend in recent years, i.e. since 1996 where it has economic, political and social as well as cultural repercussions. In other words, in this 19 year old period, this city has been the center of the imported goods distribution to other countries of Iran and the maximum effect of it is embodied in the structural and demographic development of this city that has resulted in the asymmetrical development and changes in the city's structure due to the urban and rural migrations and out of province migrations.
Ata Olah Erfani; Masoud Almasi; Hamideh Reshadatjoo
Abstract
Marginalization as a challenge underhand of urban development areas, turns regions and its surrounding into problematic and vulnerable areas. This phenomenon is dramatically increasing in Qorveh. Considering the importance of Qorveh in terms of economic, cultural, social and strategic positions in Kurdistan, ...
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Marginalization as a challenge underhand of urban development areas, turns regions and its surrounding into problematic and vulnerable areas. This phenomenon is dramatically increasing in Qorveh. Considering the importance of Qorveh in terms of economic, cultural, social and strategic positions in Kurdistan, marginalized quarters around this city and their consequences have created some problems. This research seeks to explore the relevant factors with formation of marginalization in Sheikh Jafar Quarter of Qorveh city. This survey study was carried out among the population of marginalized residents of Sheikh Jafar quarter in Qorveh in 2013. Out of about 97 households, a sample containing 78 households was determined using Cochran formula by simple random sampling. Visiting the head of the household, we collected all the required information through a researcher-made questionnaire. This questionnaire categorizes the marginalization into three dimensions: 1) economic factors, 2) social factors, and 3) cultural factors. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by the experts. As for its reliability, its reliability coefficient for was 772/0, 732/0 and 748/0 for the economic factors, social factors and cultural factors, respectively. The collected data were analyzed using indexes of descriptive statistics, one- sample t-test and Friedman test. The results of one-sample t-test showed that according to the respondents, the economic and cultural factors had a role in the marginalization whereas the social factors had no role in this process. Moreover, the Friedman test showed prioritization of the factors in the marginalization was respectively the economic, cultural and social factors. It is accordingly concluded that any planning and organization of the marginalized areas should be done based on the aforesaid factors.
Mahboubeh Khodapanah; Mansour Garkaz
Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2018, , Pages 249-256
Abstract
In this study, we examined the relationship between quality of disclosure and cost of capital. The present study has addressed the issue of whether reduction of disclosure quality increases the cost of capital? The survey included all the companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Tehran. A total of 50 ...
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In this study, we examined the relationship between quality of disclosure and cost of capital. The present study has addressed the issue of whether reduction of disclosure quality increases the cost of capital? The survey included all the companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Tehran. A total of 50 participants were selected and have been examined during the period of 2006 to 2011. Panel least squares regression analysis was used to test hypotheses and estimating the coefficients. Corporate disclosure quality in annual concessions for listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange is used to measure the disclosure quality. The results indicate that there is the 95% confidence level and a significant negative relationship between disclosure quality and cost of capital. In fact, decline in the disclosure quality as a result of increased information asymmetry caused the investors try more to gain access to confidential information. With the increase in information asymmetries, transaction costs and increased liquidity of company’s stock shares decrease and this will be followed by the increase in the demand for the firm's cost of capital.
Hesam Sanatnama; Nasrin Sabet
Volume 3, Issue 4 , October 2014, , Pages 260-269
Abstract
In this paper, the technical and economic feasibility of innovative renewable energy systems, solar wind hybrid power generation capability is provided for collecting rainwater. Part of the energy required for tall buildings where the system is installed it provides. The system is compact and can be ...
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In this paper, the technical and economic feasibility of innovative renewable energy systems, solar wind hybrid power generation capability is provided for collecting rainwater. Part of the energy required for tall buildings where the system is installed it provides. The system is compact and can be built on top of tall buildings and the construction of renewable energy required in the space provided. PAGV shape and appearance of the surrounding wind turbines can be combined with the architecture of the building and no negative impact on demand. (Part of the building). This design improves the starting behavior of wind turbines. Also for the people around safer and reduces noise pollution. Technical and economic analysis was conducted using life cycle cost. (LCC) LCC method, taking into account the full range of costs and cash flow of time makes the cost equation. Evaluations show that for a PAVG (with a diameter of 30 m and height 14 m) and wind turbine rotor vertical H- axis (diameter 17 mm and a height of 9 m) mounted on top of the building with 60 meters high, the estimated energy savings annual 195.2mwh/year.