Gholam Abbas Mohammad Hassani
Abstract
The religious democracy pertains to a type of government in which its spirit and management are based on human’s characteristics and realities while it is aimed at enhancing both physical and spiritual dimensions toward perfection and achieving a rational life. According to right and fact, which ...
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The religious democracy pertains to a type of government in which its spirit and management are based on human’s characteristics and realities while it is aimed at enhancing both physical and spiritual dimensions toward perfection and achieving a rational life. According to right and fact, which have been received from Divine Revelation and people might not intervene in issuance of constitution and governmental principles in religious democracy, people’s freedom and activity are stipulated within the law with limits that have been interpreted by the religion so that legitimacy of this government has been verified with divine- public dimension. Given that God’ will and command is the basis for legitimacy in this system, not people’s wish, it seems unlikely that religious systems lack the competence of democracies. Thus, with respect to importance and sensitivity of the subject of legitimacy in religious democracy and its pivotal position, this study delved into this topic by means of descriptive- analytical method and from thinkers’ views in religious democracy.
Mahboobeh Eshaghi Gorji
Volume 3, Issue 4 , October 2014, , Pages 310-316
Abstract
Wireless sensor network consist of many sensor nodesthat deploy in area unattended, these nodes sense area’s eventsand send data to sink, an important property of these nodes is energy constraint, and so considering energy efficiency in theproposed protocols in this area is unavoidable. One of ...
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Wireless sensor network consist of many sensor nodesthat deploy in area unattended, these nodes sense area’s eventsand send data to sink, an important property of these nodes is energy constraint, and so considering energy efficiency in theproposed protocols in this area is unavoidable. One of the mostpractical solutions is clustering, that means, instead of sendingraw data by nodes individually, after Cluster head election,nodes form clusters and send their data to cluster head, then cluster head send processed data to sink, and this consume lessenergy. LEACH is one prominent clustering protocol in wsn thatuses probability theory without considering location and energy. In this work we propose a new clustering protocol that solvessome LEACH problems in clustering. Our proposed algorithmimproves the performance and increase the network lifetime.This work uses fuzzy logic theory in two parts in algorithm: 1)CH election and 2) cluster membership. We simulate proposedalgorithm in MATLAB, based on results we can conclude thatour proposed algorithm works better than LEACH.
Javad Sadeghi Panah; Rahebeh Boroumand; Amir Hassan Susaraie; Karim Esgandari; Leila Beigloo
Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2018, , Pages 318-325
Abstract
This study investigates the separate relationships between three macroeconomic variables the consumer price index, oil prices, and foreign exchange rates and the consolidated price movements of a 24-industry index of stocks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2003–2009. We hypothesize a ...
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This study investigates the separate relationships between three macroeconomic variables the consumer price index, oil prices, and foreign exchange rates and the consolidated price movements of a 24-industry index of stocks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2003–2009. We hypothesize a significant and direct relation between each macro variable and price movements of the 24-industry index. To test our hypotheses, we use econometric methods that include ordinary least squares (OLS), linear regression, the Dickey–Fuller test, the Phillips–Perron unit root test, the F test, and the White test. Results indicate a direct and significant relation between the CPI and the 24-industry index. However, results confirm that there is no significant relation between either the oil price or the exchange rate and the index during the period examined.
Moosa Ghasemi; Massoud Javidi Zargari; Seyed Abbas Mir Ebrahim Esfahani
Volume 5, Issue 4 , October 2016, , Pages 330-335
Abstract
Global trends indicate that electronic commerce has become the most important field of activity in the developed countries over the last century and financial services sector, particularly the insurance industry, has not been exempt from this. So, the aim of this study is to examine effects of attitudes ...
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Global trends indicate that electronic commerce has become the most important field of activity in the developed countries over the last century and financial services sector, particularly the insurance industry, has not been exempt from this. So, the aim of this study is to examine effects of attitudes and social factors on buying electronic insurance intention. This research is in terms of practical and descriptive approach. Statistical sample of study is insurance companies in Khorasan Razavi province and cluster sampling method was used to determine size sampling. Pasargad and Parsian insurance companies were selected as the cluster samples and then a random sample is taken from each cluster, Thereby the sample size was 156 persons. In the present study, the required information was collected through a questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. To test the hypotheses, Student's t-test was used and also Friedman test was applied for ranking variables. The results showed that attitudes and social effects variables have a significant impact on buying electronic insurance intention.
Hossein Jenaabadi; Samira Kian Manesh; Abolfazl Khosropoor; Reza Rezaee
Volume 6, Issue 4 , October 2017, , Pages 330-340
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between religious coping and quality of life in a high school student in Zahedan. The research method is descriptive - correlation. The population is high school male students in Zahedan the 91-92 academic years. In this study, sampling is stratified sampling and ...
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This study examined the relationship between religious coping and quality of life in a high school student in Zahedan. The research method is descriptive - correlation. The population is high school male students in Zahedan the 91-92 academic years. In this study, sampling is stratified sampling and using infinite population formula size of 365 subjects selected. Data collected from questionnaires to evaluate quality of life (World Health Organization, 1998) and religiosity questionnaire (Khodayari Fard, 1388) used. Content validity and reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.90 for questionnaire to evaluate quality of life and 0.85 for questionnaire to evaluate religiosity obtained. To analysis the questions one-sample t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient used. Single sample t-test results showed that the religious status and the status of the quality of life of students are as much as desired. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that between deal religious with quality of life of students there is a relationship. The ANOVA test results evaluate the religious status of students’ base on education and field of study, there was no difference. According to today's complex and changing world on the one hand, and spiritual and mental pressure at any given moment on the other hand exist in this space. Human beings want to achieve a high level of quality of life in the shadow of the advanced technology of the rapid developments that could achieve it. Human is able to pass in change wave and have the highest possible productivity just with the help of tools that the creator of the universe have put for humans. So on this basis human has no choice but to go to the Lord. Because of research and previous research carried out on the role of religion and religious coping in the quality of life and even human maker knows the remedy.
Samaneh Darbandi; Alireza Naderi
Volume 7, Issue 4 , October 2018, , Pages 412-425
Abstract
Small industrial firms have proper innovation abilities due to potential changes. In this paper, the innovation capacity of 107 active small enterprises located in industry towns and vicinal of Kerman city has been investigated and analyzed. The results of research indicate that the innovation capacity ...
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Small industrial firms have proper innovation abilities due to potential changes. In this paper, the innovation capacity of 107 active small enterprises located in industry towns and vicinal of Kerman city has been investigated and analyzed. The results of research indicate that the innovation capacity in small enterprises in statistical viewpoint has reverse relation with the debit to sell ratio and has no meaningful relation with annual expenditure in research and development (R&D) activities and employee’s education level. In other hand, the relationship between the manager's education level and firm's innovation capacity are examined. Finally, based on the findings, have proposed some approaches to enhance the ability of SMEs to successfully design the innovation processes.
Mohammad Reza Shahabi; Amir Hamzeh salarzaiy; Ali Alboyeh
Volume 5, Issue 1 , January 2016, , Pages 71-81
Abstract
The Supreme Audit Court and the General Inspection Organization, as the supervision arms of the judicial power and the Legislative Power, play a main and remarkable role in the overall process of the State financial and official control system. The legal and statutory fundamentals of these two supervision ...
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The Supreme Audit Court and the General Inspection Organization, as the supervision arms of the judicial power and the Legislative Power, play a main and remarkable role in the overall process of the State financial and official control system. The legal and statutory fundamentals of these two supervision organizations, regarding the importance considered for them by the legislator of the Constitutional Law, are based on principles Nos. 54, 55 & 174 of the Constitutional Law. The objective of this research is to study the duties and authorities of the Supreme Audit Court and Chief Inspectorate Organization comparatively in order to understand the common, remarkable and especial goals and tasks of these two supervision institutes and to establish coordination in the process of supervising the performance and function of the executive organizations of the state. The method of research is descriptive-analytic. The information required for carrying out this research has been gathered by the librarian method, reading books and using electronic resources. The findings Indicate that, since the laws and regulations on which both organizations act, has designed according to the fact of not interfering the roles of the three powers (executive, judicial, legislative), these two organizations have no parallel tasks and complete each other.
M. Pouratashi; H. Movahed Mohammadi; A. Rezvanfar; S.M. Hosseini; Ch. Zhu
Volume 6, Issue 1 , January 2017, , Pages 76-85
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate and model psychological factors influencing learning approaches of agriculture students. A sample of 89 agricultural students from Tehran University (Iran) and 85 agricultural students from Flemish university (Belgium) participated in this study. Data were collected via ...
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This study aimed to investigate and model psychological factors influencing learning approaches of agriculture students. A sample of 89 agricultural students from Tehran University (Iran) and 85 agricultural students from Flemish university (Belgium) participated in this study. Data were collected via a questionnaire and after that, descriptive and inferential statistics were applied for data analysis, using SPSS/v16.0. Our study revealed that both similarities and differences can be observed on the psychological characteristics of agricultural students in different cultural contexts. The findings showed that there were significant differences between the two groups (Iranian and Flemish students) on deep learning. So, the finding confirmed that learning approaches were context dependent. In this study, achievement motivation has been taken as a mediator between psychological factors and learning approaches in each cultural context. According to the findings in the Iranian and Flemish context, the most psychological dominant determinant for deep learning was self-efficacy beliefs and extroversion, respectively. For both groups, extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation had positive effects on surface learning and deep learning, respectively. Also, the two motivations showed negative effects on deep learning and surface learning, respectively. According to the findings, recommendations were put forth.
Hossain Sharifian; Mahmoud Roholamini; Mohammad Mehdi Mossavi
Abstract
This research is aimed to study the effect of earthquake on changing the pattern of traditional narcotics consumption into artificial narcotics in Volunteers of addiction abandonment in Green Houses. The present research is a discretional study. The subjects of research include 150 males who were going ...
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This research is aimed to study the effect of earthquake on changing the pattern of traditional narcotics consumption into artificial narcotics in Volunteers of addiction abandonment in Green Houses. The present research is a discretional study. The subjects of research include 150 males who were going to abandon the Consumption of artificial narcotics and had referred to the centers of Green House. By observing them, the test was evaluated by distributing questionnaires. Data analysis was performed by using the methods of descriptive statistics ( chi – 2 test) Findings the abundance, cheapness , easy availability to materials, preferred Communication, The relationship to bad friends, addict parents, Low Self – Confidence are meaningfully related to youth tendency to artificial narcotics consumption after earthquake. Request of youth Volunteers from Green Houses to a bonbon addiction should be considered as an interaction between individual psychology and effect of cultural abnormality in Society. Social abnormality after earthquake Caused youth tendency to use narcotics and consequently they have changed their pattern into artificial narcotics Consumption.
Mohammad Rahim Rahnama; Alireza Bidkhori
Volume 5, Issue 2 , April 2016, , Pages 154-164
Abstract
This paper, first, briefly explained the usage of method in urban design process .then, configurative specifications of Mashhad's -one of the oldest and religious city of Iran- spaces are analyzed by space syntax methodology during three historical stages of its development (first stage, mashhad ...
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This paper, first, briefly explained the usage of method in urban design process .then, configurative specifications of Mashhad's -one of the oldest and religious city of Iran- spaces are analyzed by space syntax methodology during three historical stages of its development (first stage, mashhad within the defensive wall limit; second stage, development of the city beyond defensive wall and construction of market, and the third stage, after street forming in 1940s), and the following results are to be used in the process of urban design. The urban spaces have shaped based on the structural logic. Manipulating or Intervening in space syntax method transforms the spatial structure of city. The analysis of urban space configuration, by using the “space syntax method”, enables the skillful society of urban designers to make the model which can predict the behavior in urban spaces.
Arnoosh Poorhoseini
Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, , Pages 168-177
Abstract
When there is no alternative for banking services, the customer, to make comparison, tend to use what they have available such as image or brand of the bank to decide for investment. Value equity is one of the most known and critical concepts of marketing, which is now one of the ongoing debates among ...
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When there is no alternative for banking services, the customer, to make comparison, tend to use what they have available such as image or brand of the bank to decide for investment. Value equity is one of the most known and critical concepts of marketing, which is now one of the ongoing debates among the researchers and scholars. The strategic role of the value in making managerial decisions and achieving competitive advantages explains its gravity. Brand equity enables the companies to charge higher prices for their products without losing their market share. On the other hand, development of Islamic banking in non-Muslim countries entails determining the critical issues regarding brand development in the domestic environment of the target company. Success at national level paves the way toward development of Islamic banking in the world. The present study is designed in three stages including identifying the weight of the indices of brand equity. The indices were ranked under 4 key aspects of perceived quality, loyalty, information, and brand association. At the second stage, the status of each one of the aspects, from the costumer’s viewpoint, was determined; in this way, the key indices with unacceptable status were determined. A new aspect “Islamic business morals” was added to the study based on consultations with the experts. The new aspect encompasses 6 indices, which were added to the research model. The new aspect represents the role of Islam in the model. At the last stage, QFD model and deep computation method were used to propose improvement strategies for the indices. The strategies are supposed to results in competitive advantages in long-run for Islamic banking using brand development at international level. Totally, ten improvement strategies were recognized and among them “participation in public charity works” was of the highest priority.
Marziyeh Mohammadzadeh
Abstract
The tragedy of Imam Husayn martyrdom (the son of Imam Ali (pbuh), the grandson of The Prophet, 10 Muharram in the year 61 AH (in AHc: October 9, and in AHt: October 10, 680 CE) occurred in Karbala plain, beside Forat river in Iraq. Yazid, the son of Moavie, the second Umayyad Caliphate sent his ...
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The tragedy of Imam Husayn martyrdom (the son of Imam Ali (pbuh), the grandson of The Prophet, 10 Muharram in the year 61 AH (in AHc: October 9, and in AHt: October 10, 680 CE) occurred in Karbala plain, beside Forat river in Iraq. Yazid, the son of Moavie, the second Umayyad Caliphate sent his messengers to pay pledge/kneel and he didn’t accept because of his deviation from Islam religion. The respected personality of Imam Husayn among the Muslims, the depth of the tragedy and telling the details of the event by the survivors namely his sister and son caused grief in important cities including Mecca, Medina and Kuffe and it was developed in all Islamic countries as the respect to this tragedy was prevalent in the Muslim culture namely Shia people. Shia people all over the world mourn the head of the martyrs to keep the sad event for ever and they applied some symbols in their mourning and they are held over the time in the form of special rites during Moharam and Safar. The frequency of the symbols indicates the deep effect of Ashura tragedy in Shia culture. The symbols have different names in different cultures of Islamic countries. The reasons and the method of the application of mourning symbols in various Islamic countries namely the pathology of the symbols in terms of negative effects on the principle of the aim of Imam Husayn are the main objective of the present study.
Roya Alizade; Majid Ghorbani
Volume 7, Issue 2 , April 2018, , Pages 216-221
Abstract
According to article 38 of Iran’s civil law, the owner of the land is the owner of the above of land and the underground of the earth of the mentioned land. Mines are parts of the earth, on the ground or under the ground. We know that some natural resources can be created again but mine are not ...
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According to article 38 of Iran’s civil law, the owner of the land is the owner of the above of land and the underground of the earth of the mentioned land. Mines are parts of the earth, on the ground or under the ground. We know that some natural resources can be created again but mine are not such resources. From the legal point there are some ideas about the owner of the mines. Although the ownership of the mines for private persons is limited, from the economy point we can not only permit to the government for using the mines.
Elnaz Rahmatian; Masoud PourKiani
Volume 6, Issue 3 , July 2017, , Pages 234-248
Abstract
The main goal of this research is to study the relationship between level of managers strategic intelligence and level of organization success in executive organizations of RAFSANJAN. Sectional method of study and correlation method have been used for this research. Statistical sample includes 104 managers ...
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The main goal of this research is to study the relationship between level of managers strategic intelligence and level of organization success in executive organizations of RAFSANJAN. Sectional method of study and correlation method have been used for this research. Statistical sample includes 104 managers of executive organizations of RAFSANJAN, and because of its limited volume no sampling has been done and sample volume is in fact the same as statistical sample. For data gathering two kinds of questionnaires have been used. Validity of strategic intelligence questionnaire and organization success questionnaire are 0.91and 0.89 respectively and their reliability are 0.79 and 0.85.Data analysis has been done by use of SPSS program and based on Spearman and Pearson correlation factors, stepwise regression method, t-even testing method, analysis of one-way variance and partial correlation method. Results show that there is a significant relationship between level of managers strategic intelligence and level of organization success in executive organizations of RAFSANJAN. A more detailed evaluation show that there is even a significant relationship between organization success and different components of strategic intelligence (like, foresight, ability of outlook management, ability of systematic thinking, ability to motivate employees and ability of creating cooperation in employees). Therefore, it is better to focus more on different components of strategic intelligence, in order to have an organization with an informed manager. Based on the results, it is necessary for organizations to take action and provide appropriate situation for managers in which they can increase components of strategic intelligence. Moreover, by applying different components of strategic intelligence, manager would be able to improve organization function, develop it and offering approaches to reach organization goals.
Peiman Ghaffari Ashtiani; Saeed Mozaffari
Volume 5, Issue 3 , July 2016, , Pages 250-259
Abstract
Word-of-mouth is playing an important role in marketing to the extent that some of marketers believe that this form of advertising is among the most effective and efficient ones. With respect to importance of this issue and significant role of word-of-mouth in today marketing it seems necessary to manage ...
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Word-of-mouth is playing an important role in marketing to the extent that some of marketers believe that this form of advertising is among the most effective and efficient ones. With respect to importance of this issue and significant role of word-of-mouth in today marketing it seems necessary to manage this phenomenon in an effective way and exploit its benefits with taking appropriate actions. In present research it was tried to identify factors influencing spread of online word-of-mouth. To this end, six hypotheses were formulated. After introducing general framework of present descriptive research, data were collected using library and field methods. In order to collect data using field study, a questionnaire with 21 items was developed and distributed to statistical population of the research. The mentioned statistical population comprised of customers with experience of purchasing services from Iran Insurance Company in Khuzestan Province. Then completed questionnaires were analyzed using student’s t-test with software LISREL. Results showed that knowledge self-efficacy, sense of belonging and enjoyment of helping others influenced internet word-of-mouth.
M. Goudarzi; S. Mossallami Aghili; Z. Mokhtary Tajeek
Abstract
Today with more competiveness of industries, markets, and working atmosphere in productive and service organizations, what is very important for maintaining clients present, for attracting new clients and as a result increasing growth of success in organizations is having a suitable relation with clients. ...
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Today with more competiveness of industries, markets, and working atmosphere in productive and service organizations, what is very important for maintaining clients present, for attracting new clients and as a result increasing growth of success in organizations is having a suitable relation with clients. Banks are among organizations which are not an exception. Nowadays, due to increasing rate of banks` privatization, it can be argued that significance of attracting clients for banks is more than every time. This study tried to investigate the effect of CRM on marketing performance in banking industry. The research method was applied and survey and descriptive. The sample were 5 branches from Mellat Banks across Khoram-abad County and their clients. There are 45 personnel in this branch and according to Morgan Table, the sample size was 40 people. Clients 1 example was considered to gather information. One questionnaire was designed for bank organization and another one was prepared for banks` clients whose reliability and validity were approved. The results of the study indicates that CRM is ineffective on marketing performance.
Mohsen Farmahini Farahani; Ali Keshavarz Zadeh; Zohreh Nasiri; Yousef Elyasi
Volume 3, Issue 4 , October 2014, , Pages 317-335
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop criteria and indicators for administration quality assessment of Iran’s high schools (case study: Kohkiluye & Boyer Ahmad’s high schools). In this regard, the most important and fundamental criteria and indicators of school administration assessment ...
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The aim of this study was to develop criteria and indicators for administration quality assessment of Iran’s high schools (case study: Kohkiluye & Boyer Ahmad’s high schools). In this regard, the most important and fundamental criteria and indicators of school administration assessment were collected and then the data was investigated by accreditation experts. Afterwards, the final and approved framework by experts and specialists was implemented in Kohkiluye & Boyer Ahmad’s high schools to determine the administration quality of schools. This study is applicable and data collection method is descriptive due to the study nature and its fundamental aim that is to establish and accreditate of high schools quality assessment’s criteria and indicators. The study statistical community at accreditation phase included 300 line and staff experts of Kohkiluye & Boyer Ahmad’s education department and quality assessment specialists of universities, and in pilot implementation phase, the statistical community was all of Kohkiluye & Boyer Ahmad’s high school administrators. Both accreditation and implementation phases’ tools were researcher made questionnaire. Descriptive methods and one sample t test was used to data analysis. The findings show that all of criteria and indicators were assessed in high desirability level, and by t test calculation for each criteria and indicators with specified degree of freedom (sig = 0.000) value is less than the allowed error (0.05), so it is concluded that these factors, criteria and indicators were approved by specialist and in (high) schools assessment process, they are important and acceptable criteria and indicators. The results of pilot implementation of proposed framework indicated that the result of quality assessment of the schools’ administrators was evaluated (4.1860), so desirability level is "high".
Amrollah Zaynali Kermani; Farzaneh Bigzade; Ahmad Khodamipour
Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2018, , Pages 326-340
Abstract
The main objective of this research is the level of conservatism and its effect on earnings management of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The research methodology is a descriptive research from methodology point of view and is an analytical research. Therefore for data collection the scientific ...
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The main objective of this research is the level of conservatism and its effect on earnings management of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The research methodology is a descriptive research from methodology point of view and is an analytical research. Therefore for data collection the scientific websites, journals and books related to the topic of the study will be used. The research result showed that taking note of the statistical tests for the main hypothesis we can see that there is a significant relationship between the level of conservatism and earnings management. Considering the results of the statistical test of the secondary hypothesis we can see that there is a significant relationship between the level of conservatism and discretionary accruals.
Mehri Etemadifard; Azar Kafashpoor; Ahmad Zendehdel
Volume 5, Issue 4 , October 2016, , Pages 336-346
Abstract
In today's competitive world,customers are the core of any business and their loyalty to the brand is a major factor in acquiring competitive advantage of organizations. At the heart of successful marketing communications strategies, brand localization activities in customers' minds are carried out in ...
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In today's competitive world,customers are the core of any business and their loyalty to the brand is a major factor in acquiring competitive advantage of organizations. At the heart of successful marketing communications strategies, brand localization activities in customers' minds are carried out in a way becoming a key component of business strategy. This means that organizations should be aware of the customer decision process in order to spread their message based on Inside-Out approach that is what customers want to hear. In addition to brand communications,one of the main strategies to build brand loyalty and gain competitive advantage is to improve quality of services. Today, service quality has become the great differentiating factor and the most competitive weapon of leading organizations; therefore, brand communication and service quality are very powerful paradigm which brand plays its role as a mechanism to involve the buyer and sellerin a sincere long term relationship via them. Hence,the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of brand communication and service quality in creating brand loyalty through brand trust. This research is in terms of practical and descriptive approach. In the present study, the required information was collected through a questionnaire which is drawn from the study of Zehir et al (2011). Statistical sample of study is Samsung Representatives Company in Mashhad city that are selected through two-stage cluster sampling. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Structural equations are used to examine the research hypotheses; furthermore, LISREL software was used to analyze data. The results indicated that brand communication and service quality variables have a meaningful and positive relationship with creation of brand loyalty; moreover, brand communication and service quality variables affect building brand trust positively. Additionally, the findings showed that brand trust variable play a mediator role in connection with effect of brand communication and service quality on the creation of brand loyalty.
Hamid Nehardani; Seyed Jamal Mirmoosavi; Abolfazl Rahmani Sani; Yaser Tabarraei; Akram Ghodrati
Volume 6, Issue 4 , October 2017, , Pages 341-347
Abstract
Successes and failures in achieving goals and progress, not only depend on intelligence and gained skills, but also depend on personal characteristics and individual differences. There is a relation between personal characteristics and individual performance. This relation becomes more powerful when ...
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Successes and failures in achieving goals and progress, not only depend on intelligence and gained skills, but also depend on personal characteristics and individual differences. There is a relation between personal characteristics and individual performance. This relation becomes more powerful when the individual personal characteristics associate with the kind of purpose and individual performance. In this Descriptive survey research 314 students were selected randomly between the 1400 students of Sabzevar Medical Sciences university (of four faculties: Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of health professions, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Nursing) selected and personal barriers to creativity questionnaires (with validity 0/81 Credit 0/85), responded. Inferential tests to compare groups and Whitney and Chi to evaluate the correlation Spearman correlation test were used. All analysis software was SPSS 20.The results showed that there is significant differences between male and female students in terms of creativity barriers (05/0 p <). The most barriers relate to barriers of success in work and the least barriers relate to barriers of need to adjust. The results represent that: age increasing have significant relation with. That is, correlation amount is 0/48 by Pearson.
Mohammad Rahim Rahnama; Alireza Bidkhori; Amirali Kharazmi
Abstract
Urban has been defined as an autonomous and complex system. Despite the overwhelming differences between urban growths around the world, their growth still follows some universal mechanisms. Darwin’s theory of evolution might have enlightened an innovative view to perform the research of urban ...
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Urban has been defined as an autonomous and complex system. Despite the overwhelming differences between urban growths around the world, their growth still follows some universal mechanisms. Darwin’s theory of evolution might have enlightened an innovative view to perform the research of urban development, as a consequence many researchers have been trying to link their research to the biological metaphor of urban evolution. In the context of an analogy to biology, urban can be seen as ‘organic’ and many concepts from biology can be borrowed to explain the ‘uncertainty’ and ‘relativity’ of urban growth processes. Urban DNA is one of the innovative concepts, which has been used to describe the unique characteristics of urban and the common fundamental elements of each urban area. As Hall (2008) stated “every city has its own DNA, something that makes it unique, and that's part of what makes this city unique”. The main ideas of applying the concept of urban DNA involve identifying the key factors/ metrics which reflect urban characteristics, therefore allowing the understanding the cities’ characteristics with urban DNA. This would allow, among other things, to identify or propose optimal urban form and allowing ‘smooth’ transition of growth patterns and the characteristics of urban from a suboptimal urban form. As Silva (2004) explained, the possibility of defining this ‘key’ (DNA) for each region seems to be of great significance in the planning studies. It allows for the understanding of how the different elements that constraint the functioning of urban system progress and constrain different regions, and what function they should have in shaping future scenarios. This research explores the theory aspects of urban DNA, and makes an attempt to link this concept with an integrated urban growth model (DG-ABC). The simulation results of a pilot study are analyzed in the context of the biology analogy in order to test the possibility of deriving urban DNA from DG-ABC model, by doing so we hope to understand how the key factors and parameters influence the formation of urban patterns, and therefore allowing making optimal solutions to urban growth problems.
Ali Ahmadalizadeh; Nader Karimian Sardashti
Abstract
Pars Sea has witnessed critical events that have affected the history of Iran, some positively and some negatively. Babylonians and Assyrians called Pars Sea as the lower sea (in the direction of Mesopotamia downstream). This sea was called Pars Sea on the inscription from Darius Ierafound along ...
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Pars Sea has witnessed critical events that have affected the history of Iran, some positively and some negatively. Babylonians and Assyrians called Pars Sea as the lower sea (in the direction of Mesopotamia downstream). This sea was called Pars Sea on the inscription from Darius Ierafound along the connecting channel between Nile River and Suez Canal. The naming of Pars Sea stemmed from being the connecting waterway to Pars Gulf inland or Iran. Achaemenid Dynasty who ruled Pars extended its reign from Mediterranean on the west to Indian Sea, Send River, and Pamir Plateau on the East. The north part of their territory included the area from Black Sea to Lake Baikal including Khawrezm and Khazar on the North. Neighborly relation with India strengthened the economic, political, and cultural relations of the two countries. Pars Sea served as the main waterway betweenEastandwest. This waterway was sometime referred as Silk Waterway. This article is a discussion of Iran-India maritime relations through Pars Sea.
Yahya Kamyabi; Maryam Salahinejad
Abstract
Operational auditing is an independent review including all aspects of an organization and an operational auditor has an overall objective to assess the quality of internal controls including its effectiveness and efficiency of operations, reliability of the financial reporting, and compliance with applicable ...
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Operational auditing is an independent review including all aspects of an organization and an operational auditor has an overall objective to assess the quality of internal controls including its effectiveness and efficiency of operations, reliability of the financial reporting, and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Operational auditing determines to what extent the manager has used the most efficient resources to achieve the most effective results. The aim of the research is to study whether applying risk-based audit would lead to increase the auditing efficiency process in operational auditing. In this research, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique has been used to measure the efficiency. We can calculate the efficiency by some inputs or outputs in DEA method. To compare the obtained efficiency of operational auditing by DEA, inferential, non-parametric (or distribution free) statistical tests are used. SPSS and LINGO software and Compare Means are used to measure the efficiencies in the research. T-test results for average efficiency comparison have been divided to both model and non-model states and show that the risk-based average efficiency is significantly more than the non-model state. It is therefore concluded that applying risk-based auditing model can increase operational auditing efficiency process in output-oriented method.
Studies in Humanities
Farideh Mohammadkhani Orouji
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence and social causes of job development in working children and normal children. The problem of solving child poverty and solving the problems of street children is an issue that will be resolved with the full cooperation of international ...
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This study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence and social causes of job development in working children and normal children. The problem of solving child poverty and solving the problems of street children is an issue that will be resolved with the full cooperation of international governmental and non-governmental organizations and close and joint cooperation with child rights activists. To pay for their own education or that of their siblings, they are forced to do street and sometimes illegal work. The background of emotional intelligence can be traced to the idea and Kessler when explaining the non-cognitive aspects of general intelligence. In this study, a series of preliminary studies were conducted and after identifying the research variables, the research design was presented. To measure the variables, data were collected through a questionnaire. In this research, the method of sending a questionnaire to the sample members was used to collect information. The questionnaire consisted of 10 specialized questions. To measure the variables in this research, a five-point Likert scale questionnaire was set. In this regard, in order to convert qualitative information into quantitative information, each of the options was given numbers in order of one to five, and the scores of importance were multiplied by their frequency. 100 questionnaires were distributed to test the hypotheses.
Studies in Social Science
Aida Moarrefzadeh; Mahdi Aghapour
Abstract
Introduction: Since depression is one of the most serious psychological diseases and imposes a great burden on patient, family, and health system of the society, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of cognitive emotion regulation training on resilience and psychological hardiness of students ...
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Introduction: Since depression is one of the most serious psychological diseases and imposes a great burden on patient, family, and health system of the society, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of cognitive emotion regulation training on resilience and psychological hardiness of students with depression symptoms.Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the statistical population was all undergraduate female students with depression symptoms in psychology at Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch in 2021. Resilience, psychological hardiness, depression, and emotion regulation protocol questionnaires were used for data collection. Data analysis was done by using the analysis of covariance method (ANCOVA) by SPSS 22 software.Results: The results of this study showed that emotion regulation training significantly increases resilience and psychological hardiness as well as reduces depression in students (p<0.01).Conclusion: With the effective training of cognitive regulation of emotion, resilience and psychological hardiness in depressed students can be improved and in this way, it helps their mental health effectively. Therefore, it is suggested that for students who have depression symptoms, interventions based on emotion regulation should be applied.