Studies in Humanities
Fatemeh Cheraghian
Abstract
This study aimed to compare spiritual intelligence, loneliness, and mental health of mothers of deaf and non-deaf children in Ilam. The statistical population included all mothers of deaf and normal children in Ilam in the academic year of 2016-2017. Likewise, the study sample included 100 mothers of ...
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This study aimed to compare spiritual intelligence, loneliness, and mental health of mothers of deaf and non-deaf children in Ilam. The statistical population included all mothers of deaf and normal children in Ilam in the academic year of 2016-2017. Likewise, the study sample included 100 mothers of deaf kids selected through the available sampling technique.The data collection instruments used in this study were the King spiritual intelligence questionnaire (SISRI), general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), and the third version of the Loneliness Scale (UCLA). The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23.The results revealed a significant difference between mothers of deaf and non-deaf kids in Ilam in terms of spiritual intelligence, feeling of loneliness, and mental health (t = 0.2). Based on the obtained results of the proposed research, spiritual intelligence plays the leading role in personal beliefs in various fields, particularly in promoting mental health. Therefore, concerning spiritual intelligence and how it deals with the feeling of loneliness and its explanation can assist mothers in realizing the concept of life and solving problems as well as their own and the other perceptions.
Studies in Humanities
Ahmad Khosravi; Asad Mahdavi Rad
Abstract
Civil liability has two branches as the contractual and non-contractual liability. If there is a contract between two or more parties and one of them commits a breach of contract (non-performance; delay in fulfilling the obligation) and the other party suffers damage, the contract’s violator has ...
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Civil liability has two branches as the contractual and non-contractual liability. If there is a contract between two or more parties and one of them commits a breach of contract (non-performance; delay in fulfilling the obligation) and the other party suffers damage, the contract’s violator has a contractual responsibility and should bear the damage. In some cases, where an individual inflicts damage on another without a contract between them, or if there is a contract, the loss is not related to the contract; there is talk of non-contractual liability. Civil liability in the law of obligations is a title to express the legal obligation to compensate for unlawful damages; whether it is a contract’s breach or a violation of the public duty of non-damages otherwise, civil liability has two significant branches from the contract. The purpose of liability is to compensate for unjust loss, which it is a loss argued in the theoretical foundations of liability, and its criteria are based on liability. Compensation for unlawful loss depends on the existence on conditions, among which is the condition of “predictability of loss” and mentioned in both contractual and coercive liability (non-contractual obligations).
Studies in Humanities
Maryam Alivand
Abstract
The present study investigates the effect of companies’ age and their intangible resources on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and companies’ performance in Kalat Mashhad industrial site. The present operational research tries to answer the question of whether the age ...
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The present study investigates the effect of companies’ age and their intangible resources on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and companies’ performance in Kalat Mashhad industrial site. The present operational research tries to answer the question of whether the age of companies and their intangible resources affect the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and companies’ performance in Kalat Mashhad industrial site.The statistical population of the present study was the financial staff of Kalat industrial site in Mashhad. Using Cochran's formula, 194 people were selected by simple random sampling. Then, research variables were examined using a reliable and valid questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and path analysis; SPSS 24 and Smart PLS3 software were also used to analyze the data.The results indicated that entrepreneurship has a significant effect on firm performance and its intangible resources. Intangible resources also have a significant effect on firm performance. But firm age did not play a moderating role in the relationship between entrepreneurship and firm performance. Finally, the results showed that intangible resources played a mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurship and firm performance.
Studies in Humanities
Fatemeh Azizmohammadi; Fatimah Ramezani
Abstract
The identity of any nation is concerned with the identity of spiritual and material lives in the territory, and its formation in the children institution of any land depends on their familiarity with the national identity and patriotism of their country. In this regard, based on the latest approach to ...
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The identity of any nation is concerned with the identity of spiritual and material lives in the territory, and its formation in the children institution of any land depends on their familiarity with the national identity and patriotism of their country. In this regard, based on the latest approach to nostalgia, which is the result of the conceptualization and research of the 90s, the proposed scrutiny aimed to study nostalgia in reading textbooks presented to the Iranian primary students. Voice for My Homeland and Liberation from the Cage are mainly among the provided stories in primary textbooks in which the activist has been exiled from his homeland to a cage. In these stories, the actors do not get lost in the different cultural atmospheres of the guest land while preserving their national identity and motherland, and they do their best to get rid of the other and reach the real self. Therefore, through a descriptive-analytical study and some library-based resources, it was attempted to comparatively study nostalgia in the reading textbooks. The results of the study revealed that nostalgia, is a self-related, individual-social emotion that has a dual nature of sadness-happiness combined with a kind of longing for the past evoked by an emotional network resulting from an active or passive external stimulus, the experience of the present link to the experience of memories.
Studies in Humanities
Fatimah Ramezani; Musa Ahmadian
Abstract
Learning English has become one of the urgencies of the current century, and thus acquiring its diverse language skills relies on the development of learners’ abilities in an educational context. In this domain, teachers play a vital role through scaffolding techniques to aid in enhancing pupil’s ...
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Learning English has become one of the urgencies of the current century, and thus acquiring its diverse language skills relies on the development of learners’ abilities in an educational context. In this domain, teachers play a vital role through scaffolding techniques to aid in enhancing pupil’s educational levels in obtaining learning objectives. The proposed study is considered descriptive-analytical based on its methodology and applied for its purpose. Indeed, the research′s primary purpose is to investigate the impact of scaffolding ELT lessons on students in Iran and to provide useful suggestions for improving EFL learners in the underlying context. The sample size is 60 people (male = 30 and female = 30) in the age range of 15-25 years of both genders, which is carried out based on a random sampling method as the approximate statistical population.Furthermore, 30 English teachers of both genders (male = 15 and female = 15) in the age range of 25-40 years old were interviewed to conclude the true condition in the ELT domain, particularly in Iran. It should also be noted that written consent is received from all participants. Data collection was conducted through some methods like observation. The study′s results revealed that scaffolding techniques influence Iran’s EFL context.
Studies in Humanities
Mohammad Saeid Kiani; Leila Nazari
Abstract
Today organizations can play their role by focusing on economic responsibility and organizational wealth creation, in line with their social and environmental responsibilities. The present study was conducted on a green management model for an Iranian sports organization; this research applied in terms ...
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Today organizations can play their role by focusing on economic responsibility and organizational wealth creation, in line with their social and environmental responsibilities. The present study was conducted on a green management model for an Iranian sports organization; this research applied in terms of purpose, nature, and method. The statistical population of comprises the study of experts and managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran, 70 of whom were selected using the purposive sampling method. Data collection tool which aims to develop a green management model is a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed using the content validity method. The research findings in the form of a model consisting of two parts: In the first part, through exploratory study and expert opinion, 14 main factors of green human resource management success were identified. In the second part, using the interpretive-structural modeling approach, sequences between variables were extracted at eight levels and categorized based on the degree of influence and dependence. Considering the results and also the importance and necessity of green human resource management, it is suggested to that organizations, especially sports pay special attention to green human resource management by using its policies and strategies, be able to achieve goals and align their activities well with environmental goals. The results showed that the support of the environment around the organization and the support of managers and shareholders as the foundation stone of the model and the most significant impact on other variables and the cause of emergence or intensification of other variables to manage green human resources in the organization.
Studies in Humanities
Mehrangiz Hojjati
Abstract
The aim of this research study was to assess the relationship between attribution style and academic achievement of high school students in Ilam with the moderating role of emotional intelligence and socio-economic class. This research is applied and descriptive-correlational. The study population includes ...
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The aim of this research study was to assess the relationship between attribution style and academic achievement of high school students in Ilam with the moderating role of emotional intelligence and socio-economic class. This research is applied and descriptive-correlational. The study population includes male and female high school students in Ilam, who, according to the education statistics of Ilam city, are 8533 people. The number of samples required for this study is estimated at 368 based on Krejcie and Morgan table, which were selected from the community by multi-stage cluster sampling. In this scrutiny, the standard questionnaires of Patterson's (1982) attribution styles, Bar-On emotional intelligence, economic status of power (2013) and the second-semester average were used to measure academic performance. The research data were analyzed by using SPSS-version 22 software method. The results indicated that among the various dimensions of attribution styles, internal /external style in unpleasant situations is negatively correlated with academic achievement. General/specific attribution style in pleasant situations is positively correlated with academic achievement, and these styles can predict students' academic performance. The emotional intelligence variable strengthened the correlation between attribution style and academic achievement. However, the effect of economic status on the relationship between attribution style and performance was not significant.
Studies in Humanities
Mehrangiz Hojjati
Abstract
The proposed study investigates the relationship between memory and students' language learning through thematic analysis. Library resources and related articles were utilized for this research. The results indicated that language learners with strong short-term visual and written memories have an excellent ...
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The proposed study investigates the relationship between memory and students' language learning through thematic analysis. Library resources and related articles were utilized for this research. The results indicated that language learners with strong short-term visual and written memories have an excellent performance in learning vocabulary with appendices. Learners with strong visual short-term memory but poor verbal short-term memory and learners with poor visual short-term memory and verbal solid short-term memory also perform similarly. However, learners with poor visual and verbal short-term memory learn better without vocabulary. The results also demonstrated that the language texture leads to the impacts of particular encryption and language-related factors at the time of recall affect the accessibility of memory. It is essential to consider this point in the learning and testing of bilingual individuals to facilitate recall. In general, the results showed that strong memory in language learning has a direct relationship.
Studies in Humanities
Fatemeh Tavakoli
Abstract
Political freedom, which means the right to choose and to be elected, is a necessity of democracy and its existence in the main elections is inviolable. It should be noted that without political freedom, it will not be possible or very difficult to hold real elections and guarantee the rights and freedoms ...
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Political freedom, which means the right to choose and to be elected, is a necessity of democracy and its existence in the main elections is inviolable. It should be noted that without political freedom, it will not be possible or very difficult to hold real elections and guarantee the rights and freedoms of citizens. To this end, this freedom should be reflected in electoral laws, guaranteed, and enforced by the government. The result of the present study, which has been done analytically-descriptively, is that some political freedoms such as group freedoms, freedom of opinion, etc. are more important in elections and in order to achieve democratic, free and fair elections, they must be observed. These freedoms are also enshrined in human rights conventions. However, a study of the situation in different countries, especially developing countries, shows that there is little commitment to these freedoms, and much effort should be made to expand it by the government, citizens, civic institutions, parties, and so on.It is worth mentioning that despite the importance of the subject, the attention of domestic researchers to this issue has been low and its nuances and details have not been paid much attention.
Studies in Humanities
Mojtaba Mahigir
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the effect of employees’ mental health on human resource agility with the mediating role of service morale (case study: Hospital of Sarableh City). This research was applied in terms of its purpose and nature, descriptive-correlational in terms of method, and field ...
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This study aimed at investigating the effect of employees’ mental health on human resource agility with the mediating role of service morale (case study: Hospital of Sarableh City). This research was applied in terms of its purpose and nature, descriptive-correlational in terms of method, and field (survey) in terms of data collection. The statistical population in this study includes all staff of Sarableh Hospital in autumn 2018, and according to the University of Medical Sciences statistics, 170 people were selected. The required sample size was estimated through the Morgan table as 115 ones who were selected by simple random sampling from the statistical population. For data collection, three mental health questionnaires with a reliability coefficient of 0.448, service morale with a coefficient of 0.481, and human resource agility with a coefficient of 0.465 were also used. The structural equation modeling using PLS and SPSS software was utilized to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that mental health has a positive and significant effect on human resource agility directly and indirectly through the mediating variable of service morale. Likewise, in another part of the study, the mediating effect of the variable of service morale was investigated, and the effect of the mental health variable on two variables of manpower agility was considered based on the effect of a third moderating variable as service morale, and there was a positive and significant relationship, too. Therefore, it was suggested that managers pay sufficient attention to indentify the indicators and internal propositions of their mental health.
Studies in Humanities
Mojtaba Mahigir
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of employees’ mental health on service morale. This research was applied in terms of its purpose and nature, as well as descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The proposed study was conducted by both field studies as two analytical and inferential ...
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This study aims to investigate the effect of employees’ mental health on service morale. This research was applied in terms of its purpose and nature, as well as descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The proposed study was conducted by both field studies as two analytical and inferential mentioned in a statistical population (all Hospital personnel) that the required sample size was estimated through Morgan table by simple random sampling as 115 people. For data collection, four questionnaires were used in which the convergent reliability of mental health questionnaire was confirmed as 0.448 and service morale with a coefficient of 0.481. Likewise, it was obtained as 0.904 for mental health questionnaire as well as 0.794 for service morale. The results revealed there is direct and significant relationship between mental health and service morale. It can be stated that mental health has a positive effect on service morale indicating mental health as 48 percent changes from service morale.
Studies in Humanities
Amir Mohammad Milani Fard; Maryam Milani Fard
Abstract
Experimental studies show that if the weight loss program is done only through diet and calorie restriction, 35-45% of the total weight loss will be allocated to the reduction of lean tissue, which will also reduce the weight of the heart. However, if the diet is combined with endurance exercise, the ...
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Experimental studies show that if the weight loss program is done only through diet and calorie restriction, 35-45% of the total weight loss will be allocated to the reduction of lean tissue, which will also reduce the weight of the heart. However, if the diet is combined with endurance exercise, the size of the lean tissue will not change much, but body fat will be significantly reduced. Metabolic mechanisms through which exercise reduces or maintains body weight include increased energy expenditure, increased fat recall, increased adipose tissue activity, and a slight increase in resting metabolic rate after exercise. Exercise increases the likelihood of an exothermic response to food if exercise and eating time are close together, minimize net weight loss, expand mental function, delay basal metabolic rate reduction due to nutritional limitations, and probably better control the appetite. Exercise is important because it helps maintain a resting metabolic rate and lean mass. Regular exercise can help control your appetite or lose weight mentally.
Studies in Humanities
Peyman Sarhadi
Abstract
The devaluation of the national currency leads to people's distrust in the national currency and the prevalence of foreign currencies in the country. This puts a lot of psychological and economic pressure on governments. In the event of a devaluation of the national currency, governments should pursue ...
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The devaluation of the national currency leads to people's distrust in the national currency and the prevalence of foreign currencies in the country. This puts a lot of psychological and economic pressure on governments. In the event of a devaluation of the national currency, governments should pursue appropriate policies to prevent the weakening of the national currency and endeavor to preserve its value. When the value and status of the national currency is maintained by public confidence rather than gold and silver, governments have a serious responsibility to maintain the value and status of money. Given the continuing trend of inflation in the Iranian economy over the past decades and the sharp devaluation of the national currency, the implementation of the currency reform policy in Iran seems necessary. However, the authorities are still hesitant to implement the plan due to concerns about the inflationary effects of its implementation. For this purpose, in this study, according to the experiences of other countries in implementing the plan to change the national currency unit, its effects on inflation have been studied. At the same time, by estimating the demand function of banknotes and coins, the effect of the change in the demand for banknotes and coins, after changing the currency and printing banknotes with higher face value, on inflation was evaluated. Overall, the results of the studies conducted in this article confirm that the policy of changing the national currency is not inherently inflationary and governments should not be concerned about this.
Studies in Humanities
Zahra Saeid; Farideh Mohammadkhani Orouji
Abstract
Examining the history and perspectives on emotional intelligence, some psychologists do not accept emotional intelligence as an independent intelligence. These are people who consider intelligence as a single talent and do not believe much in the divisions and types of intelligence. From the point of ...
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Examining the history and perspectives on emotional intelligence, some psychologists do not accept emotional intelligence as an independent intelligence. These are people who consider intelligence as a single talent and do not believe much in the divisions and types of intelligence. From the point of view of these people, intelligence is a unit of cognitive talent that has many dimensions and aspects that appear according to the environmental conditions and individual characteristics, certain aspects or aspects of it. Among these dimensions, we can mention the emotional dimension, the moral dimension, and the social dimension. On the other hand, some other psychologists have accepted it with all their might and intensity, and have so far gained its name and title. Therefore, in the field of psychology, emotional intelligence is not a virgin and is merely a kind of terminology initiative and a kind of word processing skill. The term emotional intelligence is a combination of two words: Intelligence and emotion. These two words are not adjectives to mean intelligence that is emotion, but they are adjectives and adverbs; that is, intelligence that is related to emotion. In this case, emotional intelligence is not an independent intelligence, but a part and aspect of the same talent that is channeled in emotions and appears in this dimension.
Studies in Humanities
Martin Alphin
Abstract
Stress is part of everyday life. Stress is a psychological state or process that occurs when a person encounters events that they perceive as threatening to their physical and psychological well-being. Stress arises from interaction with the environment and occurs when there is a mismatch between situational ...
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Stress is part of everyday life. Stress is a psychological state or process that occurs when a person encounters events that they perceive as threatening to their physical and psychological well-being. Stress arises from interaction with the environment and occurs when there is a mismatch between situational pressures and the resources available to the individual. In recent decades, with the gradual transition of societies to modern life, stress has become one of the main problems facing human societies. With the industrialization of the world, stress has become especially important and has widely affected the health of workers in the workplace. Psychological factors along with physical, chemical, ergonomic, and biological hazards of the work environment account for the main risk factors in the workplace and among psychological factors, job stress is of particular importance, and according to the United Nations In 1992, job stress was considered the disease of the twentieth century, and the World Health Organization, based on the Global Burden of Disease Index, concluded that mental illness, especially stress, would be the second leading cause of disability by 2020. This paper discusses that stress is an integral part of life that can lead to illness or positive experiences depending on the stress and the quality of a person adapting to it. Psychological factors in the workplace, unlike other harmful factors in the workplace, are not specific to a particular job and exist in all occupations in different forms and to different degrees.
Studies in Humanities
Peyman Sarhadi
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between macroeconomic variables and the structure of capital in the Iranian capital market. Undoubtedly, today the largest amount of capital in the world is exchanged through capital markets in countries, and the economy and the capital market are undoubtedly ...
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This study investigates the relationship between macroeconomic variables and the structure of capital in the Iranian capital market. Undoubtedly, today the largest amount of capital in the world is exchanged through capital markets in countries, and the economy and the capital market are undoubtedly and strongly influenced by each other. And what is especially important for investors is to increase their wealth in the shortest time, and with the separation of company management from investors and the discussion of agency theory, management decisions benefit from a high reflection among shareholders, including this decision. Financial decisions and financing strategies of managers in companies, according to the decisions of managers in the type of financing, impose different costs on the company, which ultimately affects the profitability and efficiency of companies. Discussion of capital structure and choice of type of financing is one of the concerns of managers in companies, hence the researcher has done much research in relation to choosing the optimal capital structure and type of financing and many factors inside and outside the company that affect it. Macroeconomic factors are among these external factors. Given that in developing countries, including Iran, these macroeconomic variables have been very volatile during the last three decades, it is clear that these fluctuations have an adverse effect on the economy and the capital market will undoubtedly affect the decisions of managers. They have cast a shadow and made them have serious doubts about this.
Studies in Humanities
Peyman Sarhadi
Abstract
Job stress has serious consequences for both workers and employers. Stress is an effective factor in organizational inefficiency, manpower turnover, job absenteeism, reduction in quality and quantity of work, increase in health care costs and decrease in job satisfaction. Numerous studies over the past ...
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Job stress has serious consequences for both workers and employers. Stress is an effective factor in organizational inefficiency, manpower turnover, job absenteeism, reduction in quality and quantity of work, increase in health care costs and decrease in job satisfaction. Numerous studies over the past few decades have shown that organizational or occupational tasks that are fraught with overwork and excessive needs and responsibilities lead to many health risks. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between job stress and mental health by emphasizing the mediating role of coping strategies in formal and contractual experts of Zanjan Jihad Agricultural Organization, because the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture is one of the most important and key ministries. It is the government that has great missions in the field of food security and self-sufficiency in the production of basic products and export development of agricultural products, following the various principles of the country''s constitution, the provisions of the 20-year vision document, and many articles of the Fourth Development Plan law. It is responsible for providing natural resources and growth opportunities of 6.5% in the agricultural sector.
Studies in Humanities
Sajjad Momeni; Mary Mirzabeigi
Abstract
The increasing advancements in of industrial and commercial domains have led to the emergence of intellectual property rights in law literature. Thus, a profound range of laws and regulations have been made on which lawyers have relied. Applying commercial documents are alluded to "commercial documents’ ...
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The increasing advancements in of industrial and commercial domains have led to the emergence of intellectual property rights in law literature. Thus, a profound range of laws and regulations have been made on which lawyers have relied. Applying commercial documents are alluded to "commercial documents’ mortgage" on which in jurisprudence, there is a serious disagreement among jurists related to the particular conditions of mortgage contract, some of whom consider mortgage objectivity and acceptability which civil law has followed. Some others believe mortgage receipt is unconditional and mortgaged objectivity is similar, being strong in compliance with verses and hadiths cited in mortgage contract and also the requirement of mortgage contract as "secured". In this scrutiny, this issue and "religious mortgage" are considered. Hence, on a jurisprudential viewpoint, no obstacle is vivid for security, since Iranian commercial law is neutral to permit certifying commercial documents; we refer to civil law as a general law. Relying on Articles (772 and 774) of Civil Code, mortgage objectivity and mortgage receipt emerge as some conditions of mortgage contract and void debt is the advent. Since natural requirement of mortgage contract is "security" and objectivity and acceptability conditions are regarded to meet this requirement, “security of commercial documents” deals with determining rights arising from evidence in the document itself. The security of these documents is accepted while not accepting documents mortgage as religious documents and not mentioned in a specific sentence.
Studies in Humanities
Munirah A A Alduraywish
Abstract
The overall purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of correctional education programs in America generally, and in the state of Georgia, specifically, and its role to decrease post-release prisoners’ recidivism. In addition, relying on labeling theory, this study aims to explore ...
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The overall purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of correctional education programs in America generally, and in the state of Georgia, specifically, and its role to decrease post-release prisoners’ recidivism. In addition, relying on labeling theory, this study aims to explore how the understanding of this theory could help reduce the stigma toward the educated ex-prisoners, who received educational programs while in prison. The basic design of this study was meta-analysis method. The researcher conducted a comprehensive literature search for published and unpublished studies released between 1980 and 2011. A correlation between recidivism reduction and participation in correctional education programs. The correctional education programs can help ex-prisoners start their lives after release; also, offenders who participated in education programs while incarcerated showed lower rates of recidivism, and they get a higher salary than other uneducated ex-prisoners.
Studies in Humanities
Farideh Mohammadkhani Orouji; Zahra Saeid
Abstract
Adam Smith, the great economist of the world in the eighteenth century, with a proposal on the relationship between education and human capital, pioneered a debate that took more than 200 years to find its true place as a collection of scientific research and in the form of economics. Awareness of the ...
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Adam Smith, the great economist of the world in the eighteenth century, with a proposal on the relationship between education and human capital, pioneered a debate that took more than 200 years to find its true place as a collection of scientific research and in the form of economics. Awareness of the relationship between education and economic growth has led many people to seek their own advancement and the well-being of society, and a huge movement has emerged to gain more knowledge, insight, skills, and information. Amazing and competitive changes in countries around the world in achieving economic development and social welfare as soon as possible and the impact of these developments on various social contexts in the last three decades in Iran have led to more attention to the role and functions of public and higher education. Increasing the role of the education system in the dynamics of social life, the need to pay attention to economic functions and its "cost-benefit analysis" has doubled for the government and the people because increasing social demand for education has increased the amount of education spending in government and household budgets.
Studies in Humanities
Farideh Mohammadkhani Orouji; Zahra Saeid
Abstract
Social phobia evolved from behaviorism, and its spread was the result of a critique of what is called inflexibility and the simplistic ideas of pure behaviorism. Bandura supports the theory that fear and anxiety are learned, but enumerates four social mechanisms for learning: First, fear may be learned ...
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Social phobia evolved from behaviorism, and its spread was the result of a critique of what is called inflexibility and the simplistic ideas of pure behaviorism. Bandura supports the theory that fear and anxiety are learned, but enumerates four social mechanisms for learning: First, fear may be learned through classical conditioning in exactly the same way as described. Second, according to Bandura, the proxy experience can be considered important. This process is also called role modeling. Third, symbolic education, which refers to learning through education, reading, or saying that certain things are threatening, painful, or forbidden. Fourth, Bandura also refers to symbolic logic, which is potentially important in creating anxiety. One may conclude that something is dangerous. This process may be logical or irrational. Therefore, social cognitive learning theories emphasize the importance of combining learning principles with the role of individual thinking and reasoning in causing anxiety disorders. Social phobia is common in all cultures and its six-month prevalence is about 2 to 3 percent.
Studies in Humanities
Farahan Sultanai
Abstract
All human stress is seen as a process in which people's thoughts, emotions, physics, behaviors, and experiences are involved. Theories about the causes and sequence of parenting stress are different from other stress theories because, in parenting stress theory, there are external causal causes (parenting ...
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All human stress is seen as a process in which people's thoughts, emotions, physics, behaviors, and experiences are involved. Theories about the causes and sequence of parenting stress are different from other stress theories because, in parenting stress theory, there are external causal causes (parenting role) or other active causal causes, namely the child or children who are responsible for the parents. It is very clear how dependent children, especially infants, are on their parents. These dependencies often create a wide range of immediate and ongoing responsibilities for parents (eg, the child's crying and needs). To food, comfort, and attention, which they did not experience before the baby was born. Sometimes these experiences go beyond the immediate needs of the child's survival and are tied to the parents' emotional-social attitude towards the child. It is the child's misbehavior, such as destructive and hostile behaviors, occasional complaints, pro-activeness, and shortness of breath. Or it may even be that they have a chronic illness and are being treated with medication. This includes emotional arousal in parents. This arousal in turn leads to parental attention and presence to eliminate responsibilities and demands. , Will be answered effectively by the parents, and the child's needs will be answered correctly and without stress by the parents before he can help himself. In such an atmosphere, the child will be considered and the parents will be very likely. They become more motivated to assess the child's needs to eliminate or reduce harmful behaviors.
Studies in Humanities
Martin Alphin
Abstract
Job stress has serious consequences for both workers and employers. Stress is an effective factor in organizational inefficiency, manpower turnover, job absenteeism, reduction in quality and quantity of work, increase in health care costs and decrease in job satisfaction. Numerous studies over the past ...
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Job stress has serious consequences for both workers and employers. Stress is an effective factor in organizational inefficiency, manpower turnover, job absenteeism, reduction in quality and quantity of work, increase in health care costs and decrease in job satisfaction. Numerous studies over the past few decades have shown that organizational or occupational tasks that are fraught with overwork and excessive needs and responsibilities lead to many health risks. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between job stress and mental health by emphasizing the mediating role of coping strategies in formal and contractual experts of Zanjan Jihad Agricultural Organization, because the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture is one of the most important and key ministries. It is the government that has great missions in the field of food security and self-sufficiency in the production of basic products and export development of agricultural products, following the various principles of the country's constitution, the provisions of the 20-year vision document, and many articles of the Fourth Development Plan law. It is responsible for providing natural resources and growth opportunities of 6.5% in the agricultural sector.
Studies in Humanities
Farahan Sultanai
Abstract
Metacognitive knowledge refers to the beliefs and moral theories that individuals have about their thinking, such as beliefs about the meaning of a particular type of thought and beliefs about the effectiveness of memory and cognitive control. It is useful to consider both explicit and implicit metacognitive ...
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Metacognitive knowledge refers to the beliefs and moral theories that individuals have about their thinking, such as beliefs about the meaning of a particular type of thought and beliefs about the effectiveness of memory and cognitive control. It is useful to consider both explicit and implicit metacognitive knowledge, especially in the context of emotional disorder. Explicit metacognitive knowledge is conscious knowledge. For example, people with generalized anxiety disorder believe that worrying is uncontrollable and dangerous, and some believe that worrying can have benefits. Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder believe that they have certain thoughts that lead to negative events or unwanted actions, and people with depression have positive beliefs about rumination. Implicit metacognitive knowledge is usually not conscious and cannot be expressed verbally. This knowledge includes the rules or designs that guide the process, such as paying attention, searching in memory, and using exploratory measures and bias in judgment. Considering this knowledge as a method or design for information processing is useful, and such metacognitive designs may be important at least as news knowledge in emotional disorder.
Studies in Humanities
Maryam Milani Fard; Amir Mohammad Milani Fard
Abstract
A woman may be able to relieve her premenstrual syndrome and diagnose it, meaning that when the symptoms are not severe, "natural methods or general measures to relieve premenstrual syndrome" that include education and awareness, change in diet, vitamin diet and exercise and deep thinking, effectively ...
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A woman may be able to relieve her premenstrual syndrome and diagnose it, meaning that when the symptoms are not severe, "natural methods or general measures to relieve premenstrual syndrome" that include education and awareness, change in diet, vitamin diet and exercise and deep thinking, effectively help her to overcome her syndrome. In fact, even if the woman's symptoms are severe - whether they are difficult to see or weaken the patient - she should treat herself with "natural methods". Recognition of the disease by the patient, spouse, and family members is very important because PMS is a very important cause of couples arguing. A woman who suspects that she has premenstrual syndrome should see a doctor who treats the syndrome. If a woman does not have a menstrual calendar before consulting, her doctor will ask her to record the menstrual calendar for a period of two or three months. The doctor will also take tests. It is at this point that the doctor should inform the woman how she can use the natural way to reduce her symptoms. If natural methods do not reduce the severity of symptoms after a few periods of menstruation, and blood tests show a severe hormonal imbalance, medication should be used. However, the "medical method for relieving the syndrome" should also be applied in conjunction with a natural diet.
