Studies in Social Science
Alireza Bozorgian
Abstract
The high capacity of gas hydrate in natural gas storage makes it attractive to use it for storage and transportation of natural gas and other gases as a competitor to liquefaction and condensation methods. Since the 1960s, when gas hydrate was introduced as a disturbing factor in gas pipelines, the idea ...
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The high capacity of gas hydrate in natural gas storage makes it attractive to use it for storage and transportation of natural gas and other gases as a competitor to liquefaction and condensation methods. Since the 1960s, when gas hydrate was introduced as a disturbing factor in gas pipelines, the idea of natural gas transfer by hydrate has been on the minds of many scientists. Because the hydrate transport temperature is higher than the liquefied natural gas (LNG) transport temperature, gaseous hydrate can be easily transported; Therefore, the technology of building hydraulic vessels will be much less complex than that of LNG vessels, and hydrogen production facilities can be designed much easier than LNG facilities. But the main problem is the smaller volume of gas transferred. According to studies in this field, each cubic meter of hydrate contains 175 cubic meters of gas. However, in LNG technology, the volume reduction reaches one hundred percent, and this issue is very important in the economics of gas transmission projects, especially long distances. Nevertheless, there is still great hope that hydrate will be used as a completely economical solution for gas transmission. In this regard, British Petroleum, in collaboration with other scientific centers such as the University of Gwasen, is building a small industrial unit that can produce 100 kg of hydrate per day.
Studies in Social Science
Rozita Kaviani
Abstract
< p>Underground gas reserves in the form of hydrates are a huge source of energy that researchers are looking for ways to extract. The amount of hydrate gas reserves is estimated at more than 1016 cubic meters, which is more than the discovered sources of other fossil fuels, if only 15% of this ...
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< p>Underground gas reserves in the form of hydrates are a huge source of energy that researchers are looking for ways to extract. The amount of hydrate gas reserves is estimated at more than 1016 cubic meters, which is more than the discovered sources of other fossil fuels, if only 15% of this gas is extracted. But due to problems such as the slow rate of hydrate formation and the high pressure of its formation, his idea remained in the laboratory. After the discovery of hydrate self-preservation, this idea was raised more seriously and a lot of research was done on the use of hydrate for gas storage and transmission. High gas pressure is the most important negative factor in mass production of hydrates for gas storage and transport. The results showed that using these materials, methane hydrate is formed in much more suitable conditions than temperature and pressure. While the equilibrium pressure of methane hydrate formation at 293 ° K is about 34 MPa, with the addition of tetra-hydro-furan at a concentration of 2.5 mol%, this pressure is reduced to about 2.49 MPa, which shows a decrease of 92.6%. Also, at a pressure of 5 MPa, the equilibrium temperature of methane hydrate is about 278 degrees Kelvin, while at the same pressure, the fuzzy equilibrium temperature of a 6 mol solution of tetra-hydro-furan was about 306 degrees Kelvin.
Studies in Social Science
Alireza Bozorgian
Abstract
Production rates from oil fields decrease over time due to various factors, so it is necessary to use methods that to some extent compensate for the reduction in oil and gas production rates. Gas overflow is one of the artificial overflow methods that is used with the aim of rehabilitating and increasing ...
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Production rates from oil fields decrease over time due to various factors, so it is necessary to use methods that to some extent compensate for the reduction in oil and gas production rates. Gas overflow is one of the artificial overflow methods that is used with the aim of rehabilitating and increasing the optimal flow of oil wells. In this method, high pressure gas is injected at a certain point inside the fluid column in the well, thereby reducing the average density and subsequent pressure on the bottom of the well, and thus reactivating the well. In optimizing the operation, increasing the production and benefiting from the maximum operation of the well and its facilities are considered. In this project, two-phase current was model using a mechanistic model and parameters such as pressure profile, temperature, phase fractions and phase velocities are calculated. Then, with the help of node analysis, the natural production of the well is simulated and the need to use the method is investigated. When the reservoir energy (reservoir pressure) is not high enough for continuous production from the well, the artificial overflow method is used in oil production. Gas overflow method is one of the artificial overflow methods that is used to increase oil production from wells. In this method, high pressure gas is injected into the well to make the fluid column lighter and increase the reservoir pressure to produce oil.
Studies in Social Science
Alireza Bozorgian
Abstract
Considering the advantages and disadvantages of hydrate formation, which were mentioned in the previous section, hydrate has always been considered as a problem that should be avoided, and has been considered as an opportunity for revolution in various industries. Solutions have always been proposed ...
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Considering the advantages and disadvantages of hydrate formation, which were mentioned in the previous section, hydrate has always been considered as a problem that should be avoided, and has been considered as an opportunity for revolution in various industries. Solutions have always been proposed to prevent its occurrence and also to improve the conditions of its formation. Among the various solutions, the use of additives may be the most appropriate method. In this article, first, the types of additives and how they affect the formation of hydrates, then the results of some recent research in this field are mentioned. The effect of additives on hydrate formation. In general, additives used in the hydrate formation process are divided into two categories: inhibitors and improvers. Injection of chemical inhibitors is a priority over other solutions used to prevent hydrate formation and is widely used in the gas industry. Factors influencing the choice of inhibitors include: cost, degree of poisoning, degree of corrosion, environmental aspects, bulk density, etc.
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