Document Type : Original Article

Authors

School of History, Politics and Strategy Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43650 UKM, Bangi Selangor

Abstract

This study explores the existence of Look-To-The-East idea in Malaya during Japanese occupation era between 1941 and 1945. During this period, the field of journalism and press have been dominated by the Japanese administration or Malayan Military Administration (MMA). Mass communication mediums such as newspapers and magazines have been used as propaganda tools by MMA. Their main purpose was to dominate the field of journalism and press printing to gather people's support in their war campaigns. The government also exploited newspapers and magazines to obtain cooperation from people in all plans they wished to implement. To dominate the field of journalism, MMA had instructed that all efforts related to the publication must obtain prior authorization. Although the printed media in Malaya then was made the propaganda tool by the Japanese administrators, the Look-To-The-East idea was propogated through various newspapers and magazines such as Berita Malai, Malai Sinpo, Semangat Asia, Suara Timur and Fajar Asia. This study explores the existence of the Look-To-The-East idea that can be found in Malai Sinpo newspaper and Semangat Asia magazine. It can be divided into politics, social, culture and arts, language, economy, youth, women, family, religion and education areas. This study is centralized upon and focuses on only the social area.

Keywords

Anonymous. 2603. Waktu Tokyo. Semangat Asia Number 1, 18 Ichigatsu: 13-14.
Anonymous. 2603. Jika Tuan Naik Kretapi. Semangat Asia Number 1, 18 Ichigatsu: 19.
Anonymous. 2603. Kewajipan Pemuda2 Malai. Semangat Asia Number 2, 1 Nigatsu: 5.
Anonymous. 2603. Malai Baru. Semangat Asia Special Number, 15 Nigatsu: 1.
Anonymous. 2603. Menyusun Masharakat Baru. Semangat Asia Number 4, Shigatsu: 1.
Anonymous. 2603. Jika Ada Kemahuan Dan Tenaga.... Semangat Asia Number 5, Gogatsu: 1.
Anonymous. 2603. Mari Bersenam Bersama2. Semangat Asia Number 5, Gogatsu: 11-12.
Anonymous. 2603. Mara Terus. Semangat Asia Number 7, Shichigatsu: 1.
Anonymous. 2603. Pati Uchapan P.M. Tojo. Semangat Asia Number 7, Shichigatsu: 2-3.
Anonymous. 2603. Telahan Berkenaan Dengan Bahasa Melayu Yang Akan Datang. Semangat Asia Number 8, Hachigatsu: 1.
Anonymous. 2603. P.M. Tojo-Sultan2 Melayu. Semangat Asia Number 8, Hachigatsu: 14.
Anonymous. 2603. Malai Sekarang. Semangat Asia Number 9, Kugatsu: 3.
Anonymous. 2603. Jika Memberi Lebeh Akan Mendapat Lebeh Pula. Semangat Asia Number 9, Kugatsu: 4.
Anonymous. 2603. Premier Tojo Arrives in Syonan. Malai Sinpo Vol. 3, No. 158, 6 July: 1.
Anonymous. 2603.Premier Meets Sultans of Malai. Malai Sinpo Vol. 3, No. 159, 7 July: 1.
Anonymous. 2603. Premier Explains Purpose of Visit to South. Malai Sinpo Vol. 3, No. 160, 8 July: 1.
Anonymous. 2603. Premier Tojo Reports to The Cabinet: Moved by Sincere Co-operation of People of Southern Regions. Malai Sinpo Vol. 3, No. 165, 14 July: 1.
Anonymous. 2603. Indonesian Party Arrives in Nippon: Impressed by Astounding Growth of Country. Malai Sinpo Vol. 3, No. 194, 16 August: 3.
Anonymous. 2603. Future of the Cinema in Malai. Malai Sinpo Vol. 3, No. 201, 25 August: 1.
Anonymous. 2603. Last of English Films in Malai: Only Nippon and Axis Productions in Future. Malai Sinpo Vol. 3, No. 203, 27 August: 2.
Anonymous. 2603. Successful Cinema Experiment: Malai Dialogue in Nippon Film. Malai Sinpo Vol. 3, No. 208, 2 September: 1.
Anonymous. 2603. Nippon No Haha: An Inspiring Film: Depicts A Mother’s Loving Kindness. Malai Sinpo Vol. 4, No. 286, December: 2.
Anonymous. 2603. Malai Visitor Gives His Impressions of Nippon: Land of Exquisite Beauty and Excessive Enchantment. Malai Sinpo Vol. 4, No. 303, 22 December: 2.
Anonymous. 2604. A Musical Film With A Moral: ‘”Hoho Emi No Kuni” At The Nippon Gekizyo. Malai Sinpo Vol. 5, No. 326, 19 January: 2.
Anonymous. 2604. Wagaya No Kaze: Film Depicting The Spirit To Serve. Malai Sinpo Vol. 5, No. 364, 29 February: 2.
Anonymous. 2604. Haha Kogusa. Semangat Asia Special Edition of First Anniversary, Number 1 Vol. II, Ichigatsu: 22-23.
Anonymous. 2604. Malai Baharu. Semangat Asia Number 2, Vol. II, Nigatsu: 1.
Anonymous. 2604. To Further Mutual Understanding: Nippon Will Invite Leaders and Students From South. Malai Sinpo Vol. 5, No. 333, 27 January: 2.
Anonymous. 2604. Asians Being Awakened Great Heritage: Methodical and Gradual Advance of Malai Towards Prosperity. Malai Sinpo Vol. 5, No. 350, 15 February: 2.
Anonymous. 2604. Malai A Strong Advance Base To-Day: Noteworthy Progress By Military Administration. Malai Sinpo Vol. 5, No. 361, 29 February: 1.
Anonymous. 2604. Students Graduate in Nippon-Go: Malai Heads Honours List of Five. Malai Sinpo Vol. 5, No. 361, 29 February: 2.
Anonymous. 2604. Economic Development of Malai: Manufacturing Centre of Greater East Asia. Malai Sinpo Vol. 5, No. 375, 15 March: 2.
Anonymous. 2604. Leaders of New Malai: Four Youths Going to Nippon. Malai Sinpo Vol. 6, No. 407, 22 April: 2.
Anonymous. 2605. For The Defence of Malai: Malacca Chinese Donate About $3 ½ Million. Malai Sinpo Vol. 10, No. 784, 10 May: 1.
A. Samad Ismail. 2603. Kewajipan Film2 Nippon: Mengenalkan Nippon Kepada Kita, Mendalamkan Fahaman “Tertib Baharu” dan Memulehkan Semangat Asia. Semangat Asia Number 10-12, Jugatsu-Junigatsu: 23-25.
Atamelayu. 2603. Anak2 Melayu Yang Telah Ke-Nippon. Semangat Asia Number 3, Sangatsu: 12-13.
Berita Malai. 2603. Aneka Warta. Semangat Asia Number 8, Hachigatsu: 25-26. 
Chichiro Tsutsi. 2603. Melayu Tidak Malas. Semangat Asia Number 3, Sangatsu: 5.
H. M. Ishak. 2603. Mengajar Bangsa Dengan Perbuatan: Tauladan Mansor Bin Haji Bakri. Semangat Asia Number 8, Hachigatsu: 8-9.
Ibrahim Bin Haji Ya’acob. 2603. Pendapatan Dari Nippon. Semangat Asia Number 10-12, Jugatsu-Junigatsu: 9-11.
Malai Sinpo. 2603. Aneka Warta. Semangat Asia Number 6, Rokugatsu: 26.
Pengarang. 2603. Kata Pembuka. Semangat Asia Number 1, 18 Ichigatsu: 1.
Professor Hadji Ideriess. 2603. Semangat Nippon. Semangat Asia Number 8, Hachigatsu: 6-7.
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