ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Role of Affective/Emotional Temperament in Predicting Readiness to Treatment and Symptoms Severity in Depressed Patients
The object of this study is to examine the influence of profit quality on wage cost of shareholders based on comparative approaches of high profit quality and low profit quality on accepted company is Tehran stock exchange. in order to achieve research targets ,we have used of 50companies information in which has been accepted in Tehran stock exchange on 8yeras duration(2002-2009)we have used of compound regression analysis on examining the relation among study variables and we have tested the influence of profit quality on earning cost of shareholders by figurative variable. Based on findings, we indicate by increasing profit quality of accepted companies in Tehran stock exchange, the shareholders’ wage cost decreases. The result showed profit quality is influential on decreasing and or increasing shareholders earning cost.
https://www.ijashss.com/article_83854_b7a9ee3460d624dd3c1c42aca2cd42ed.pdf
2017-01-01
1
10
Investment cost
Earning high quality
Earning low quality
Maryam
Siyavash
1
Department of Psychology, Ardabil Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbass
Abolghasemi
2
Professor of Psychology, Department of Guilan University, Guilan, Iran
AUTHOR
Abolghasemi, A. Bahari, M. Narimani, M. &Zahed, A. (2011). The relationship between temperament dimentions and symptoms of schizophrenia in men. Behbood Journal, 4(1), 265-271.
1
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Translated by Nik-khoo Mohammad Reza, HmayakAvadisYans (2009), Tehran: Sokhan Pub.
2
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Translated by SeyyedMohammadi, Yahya (2014). Ravan Pub.
3
Attari, Y. Haghighi J. &Rajabi, Gholam Reza (2001). Factor analysis of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-2) on male students of ShahidChamran University. Journal of Educational sinces and Psychlology. 3 (4), 66-49.
4
Ben, P.,Yossef, S. &Tellegen, A. (2008). Minnesota Mul phasic PersonalityInventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2RF), Published by: UniversityofMinnesota Press Pearson
5
Bower, G. H. (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychologist. 36, 129-148.
6
Carsten, W. & Gregory, E. M. (2009).Depressive Symptoms Can Be Useful: Self-Regulatory and Emotional Benefits of Dysphoric Mood in Adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(6), 1181–1190.
7
Cloninger, C. R. (1991). Brain networks underlying personality development. In B. J. Carroll & J. E. Barrett (Eds.), Psychopathology and the brain), New York, Raven Press, 183-200.
8
Dolle, K. Schulte-Körne, G. O’Leary, AM. Von Hofacker, N. Izat, Y. &Allgaier, A.K. (2010). The BeckDepression Inventory-II in adolescent mental health patients: Cut-off scores fordetecting depression and rating severity. Psychiatry Res; 3(2), 8- 843.
9
Erkki, T. Isometsäa, B. Mikael, K. Irina A.K. &Tarja, K. (2013). Treatment attitudes and adherence of psychiatric patients with major depressive disorder. A five-year prospective study, 127(3), 102–112.
10
Gnji, H. (2011). Personality Evaluation. 2th edition, Savalan Pub.
11
Hantouche, E. &Akiskal, H. (2006). Toward a definition ofa cyclothymic behavioral endophenotype: whichtraits tap the familial diathesis for bipolar IIdisorder? J Affect Disord. 96(3), 7-233.
12
JafarzadehDashbolagh, H. (2012). Investigating the effect of metacognitive therapy on reduction of depression and anxiety on diabetic patients. M.A Thesis in Clinical Psychology. Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch.
13
Krandar, L. Folger, R Nancy, D., Lori, K. & Erin H. (2016). Evaluation of treatment in depressed patients. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 3(1), 414- 420.
14
Lara, D.R. Bisol, L.W. Brunstein, M.G. Reppold, C.T. Carvalho, H.W. &Ottoni G.L. (2012). The affective and emotional composite temperament (AFECT) model and scale: A system-based integrative approach Journal of Affective Disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 140, 14–37.
15
Lopez, AD. Mathers, CD. Ezzati, M. Jamison, DT. & Murray, CJ. (2006). Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet, 367(9), 57-1747.
16
Lyn, Y. Abramson, G. Liza, M. Jessica, L. Jonathan, P. Megan, F. & Lauren, B. (2015). The cyclical nature of depressed mood and future risk: Depression, rumination, and deficits in emotional clarity in adolescent girls. J Adolesc; 42, 68–76.
17
Morral, A.R. Arkesi, J. Bowers, C.A. & Dunn, M. E. (2014). The trend in the treatment of depressed patients. J affect Disord, 80(8), 29- 37.
18
NabiZade C. Pour Sharifi, H. Farnam, A. Ghaderi, H. Ansari Zangkani, B &Shir Ali Zade, N. (2014). Comparing affective and initial maladjusted schemas in bipolar patients and normal individuals. Journal of Clinical Psyuchology, 6 (2), 28-13.
19
Perugi, G. Toni, C. Maremmani, I. &Tusini, G. (2012). Ramacciotti S, Madia A, et al. The influence of affective temperaments and psychopathological traits on the definition of bipolar disorder subtypes: a study on bipolar I Italian national sample. J Affect Disorders, 136 (1), 9-41.
20
Rihmer, Z. Akiskal, K.K. Rihmer, A. &Akiskal, HS. (2010).Current research on affective temperaments. CurrOpinPsychiatr, 23(1), 8-12.
21
Sermin, K. Duru G. Yeliz, K. &Elif, T. (2013).The relation between affective temperament and resilience in depression: A controlled study. Journal of Affective Disorders. 148(3), 352–356.
22
Seyyedian, M. (2012). Comparing personality traits and emotional intelligence in women victimized of domestic violence and normal women.
23
Sherlyn, S. Jimenez, B. Barbara, L. Niles, B. Crystal, L. & Park, A. (2010).Amindfulness model of affect regulation and depressive symptoms: Positiveemotions, mood regulation expectancies, and self-acceptance asregulatory mechanisms. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(6), 645-650.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigate the Factors Associated with Tendency of Citizens to the Satellite with Approach uses and Satisfaction in Ardabil
The purpose of this study was to examine the factors associated with tendency of citizens to the satellite with approach uses and satisfaction in Ardabil. The population consist of all people 18 years and older in Ardabil. 390 people were selected with multi-stage cluster sampling method. In this study was used of questionnaire for data collection. Data analysis included multivariate regression, pearson’s r correlations, regression analysis, ANOVA analyses with SPSS software (package of Spss / pc + + ver 21). According to the findings, except for use social, other motivated the audience showed a significant relationship with variable usage of the satellite. According to the results there is a significant relationship between age, gender and education with usage of the satellite.
https://www.ijashss.com/article_83855_4343971b38bb1c3f98c43c827b492130.pdf
2017-01-01
11
16
satellite
Uses
Satisfaction
Ardabil
Amirhasan
Susaraie
1
M.sc. of Sociology, Lecturer of University Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bahman
Gharakhani
2
M.sc. of Sociology, Lecturer of University Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
Pourmeidani S, Noori A, Shafti A. Relationship between life style and marital satisfaction. J Family Res 2014;10:331‑4.
1
Azarakhsh F. Investigating the relationship between media consumption and marital satisfaction in married women livening in Takestan 2012. Master thesis women’s studies. College of social sciences and economy. AL Zahra University.
2
Matani M. Hasanzadeh R. Farhangi AA. Contact ghaem shahry view to satellite television network. Culture studies‑Communication 2013;14:129‑56.
3
Rezaie BM, Ahmadi S. Look at the positive and negative effects of television on family function. J Media Fam 2013;2:52-3.
4
Davies JJ, Bird B, Chaffin C, Eldridge J, Hoover A, Law D, et al. Habitual, unregulated media use and marital satisfaction in recently married LDS couples. West J Commun 2012;76:65‑85.
5
Wagheiy Y, Miri MR, Ghasemipour M. A survey about effective factors on the marital satisfactionin employees of two Birjand universities. J Birjand University Med Sci 2010;16:43-50.
6
Safarishali R. The role of Persian language satellite channels on the family structure. Research project supported by the Ministry of the Interior, 2011.
7
Roshan M, Khalilzadeh SM. Family rights and satellite broadcasted programs. J Fam Res 2014;9:507‑23.
8
Fowers BJ, Olson DH. ENRICH Marital Inventory: A discriminant validity and cross‐validation assessment. J Marital Fam Ther 1989;15:65‑79.
9
Asoodeh MH, Khalili S, Daneshpour M, Lavasani MG. Factors of successful marriage: Accounts from self described happy couples. J Procedia‑Social and Behavioral Sciences 2010;5:2042‑6.
10
Etemadi O, Navabinezhad SH, Ahmadi S, Farzad VE. A study on the effectiveness of cognitive‑ behavioral couple therapy on couple’s intimacy that refer to counseling centers in Isfahan. J Psychol Stud 2005;2:69‑87.
11
Farrugia RC. Facebook and relationships: A study of how social media use is affecting long-term relationships. Rochester Institute of Technology 2013;9:4.
12
Sharaievska I. Family and marital satisfaction and the use of social network Technologies. Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana‑Champaign. 2012.
13
Azadarmaky T. Kamaly A. Confidence, community and sex: A comparative study of mutual trust between the sexes. J Sociol Iran 2004;5:100‑32.
14
Weinberger MI. Hofstein Y, Whitbourne SK. Intimacy in young adulthood as a predictor of divorce in midlife. Pers Relatsh 2008;15:551‑7.
15
Laurenceau JP, Barrett LF, Rovine MJ. The interpersonal process model of intimacy in marriage: A daily‑diary and multilevel modeling approach. J Fam Psychol 2005;19:314‑23.
16
Kunaszuk RM. Intimacy, libido, depressive symptoms and marital satisfaction in postpartum couples. Doctoral dissertation, Drexel University. 2009.
17
Simonelli C, Tripodi F, Rossi R, Fabrizi A, Lembo D, Cosmi V, et al. The influence of caregiver burden on sexual intimacy and marital satisfaction in couple with an Alzheimer spouse. Int J Clin Pract 2008;62:47‑52.
18
Sepahmansur M, Mazaheri M. Compare the elements of love between married with marital satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Abstract second congress of pathology family in Iran 2006. p. 217.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Role Of Intimacy and Communicative Dynamics in Predicted of Family Function in Women with Marital Conflict
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of intimacy and communicative dynamics in predicted of family function in women with marital conflict. This research is descriptive and correlational. The population consist of all women referred to counseling centers and dementia clinics in Tabriz. 120 women were selected with sampling method. The students answered the same questionnaire including: questionnaire of marital conflict, Family Assessment Device (FAD), intimacy scale and communicative dynamics scale. Data analysis included multivariate regression, pearson’s r correlations, regression analysis, ANOVA analyses with SPSS software (package of Spss / pc + + ver18). The results of this study show the there is a significant relationship between intimacy and communicative dynamicsin predicted of family function in women with marital conflict.
https://www.ijashss.com/article_83856_84f7bfd5e37c2842b3d7e229836bfd10.pdf
2017-01-01
17
22
Intimacy Communicative dynamics
Family Function
Marital conflict
Taraneh
Ghaem Magami
1
Department of psychology, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbass
Abolghasemi
2
Professor of Psychology, Department of Guilan University, Guilan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mojgan
Niknam
3
Department of psychology, Roodehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roodehen, Iran
AUTHOR
Al-Krenawi, A. (2010). A study of psychological symptoms, family function, marital and life satisfactions of polygamous and monogamous women: The Palestinian case. International. Journal of Social Psychiatry 58(1)79–86.
1
Ammara, N., Gauthierb, J. A. & Widmer, E.D. Trajectories of intimate partnerships, sexual attitudes, desire and satisfaction, 22, 62–72, 2014.
2
Bagarozzi, D. A, Enhancing intimacy in marriage: A clincian's guide. USA: Brunner & Routledge, 2001.
3
Blyad, MR et al. (2014). Role in the differentiation of their family and marital conflict. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, the second year..No.2.
4
Caban, A. M. (2004). The effects of marital conflict on sibling relationships. ProQuest Information and Learning Company.
5
Edalati Shateri z,Aghamohamadian Sherarbaf HR,Moarres Gharavi M,Hassanabadi H.(2009).Evaluation of the effectiveness of time program on marital satisfaction in married student couple.Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. 14(1):92-100
6
Epstein, N. B. Baldwin. L. M. & Bishop, D. S, The Macmaster model of family assessment device. Journal of Marital and Family therapy, 9(2), 171-180, 1983.
7
Gottman, J.M, The roles of conflict engagement, escalation and avoidance in marital interaction: Alongitudinal view of five types of couples. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 5, 3-51, 2000.
8
Kaslow, F. & Robinson, JA, Long-term satisfying marriages: Perceptions of contributing factors. Am J Fam Ther, 24(1), 153-70, 1996.
9
Klaimer, T.K. Keith, S.D. & Rachel, M, Investigate the relationship between communication strategies with the compatibility between couples with marital conflict. Journal of family issues, 25(3): 291-317, 2015.
10
Kong, S. S. (2005). A marital-relationship enhancement program for couples: Randomized controlled trail.USA, Department of nursing, soonchunhyang university, chonan city, Korea. kongsun@sch.ac.kr. 35, 991-995, 2005.
11
Konik, K, The Relation Between Couple Communication and Work-Family Conflict. Honors Projects, 2014.
12
Lauren, M., Marcie, C., Goeke-Morey, E. & Mark C, A Diary Investigation of Couples’ Intimacy Conflicts in the Home. Couple Family Psychol, 2(1), 10-18, 2015.
13
Noller, P. Feeny, J.A. Bannell, D. & Callan, V.G, A longitudinalstudy of conflict in early marriage.Journal of social and personalRelationships, 55, 1-155, 2001.
14
Olson, D. H. & Gorall, D. M, Circumplex model of marital and family systems. In F. Walsh (Ed.), Normal family processes: Growing diversity and complexity, New York: The Guilford Press, 12(6), 514-548, 2003.
15
Patrick, S., Sells, J.N., Giordano, F.G. & Follerud, T.R, Intimacy, differentiation, and personality variables as predictors of marital satisfaction. The Family Journal, 15(1), 359- 367, 2007.
16
Sanford. K, Assessing conflict communicationin couples comparing the validity of self-report,partner-report, and observer ratings. Journal ofFamily Psychology, 14(1), 531-594, 2010.
17
Sehat, Fatimeh, Sehat, N; Khanjani, magic, Mohebbi; Siamak and black kinShahsiah, M. (2014). The effect of short-term solutions - based on marital conflicts city of Qom. Journal of Health Research.No,2.
18
Shelton, H. & Gordon, T, Psychological adjustment and child depression in marital intimacy. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(5), 712-724, 2008.
19
Somohano,V.C.(2013).Mindfulness,attachment style and conflict resolution behaviors in romantic relationship .(MA).Humboldt State University.
20
Wilson, K.L., Charker, J., Lizzio, A., Halfird, K., & Kimlin, S. (2005). Assessing how much couples work at their relationship: The behavioral selfregulation for effective relationship scale, Journal of Family Psychology, 19 (3), 385-393.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigate the Role of Differentiation of Self in Predicted of Family Function in Women with Marital Conflict
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of differentiation of self in predicted of family function in women with marital conflict. The population consist of all women referred to counseling centers and dementia clinics in Tabriz. 120 women were selected with sampling method. The students answered the same questionnaire including: questionnaire of marital conflict, Family Assessment Device (FAD), and differentiation of self. Data analysis included multivariate regression, pearson’s r correlations, regression analysis, ANOVA analyses with SPSS software (package of Spss / pc + + ver18). The results of this study show the there is a significant relationship between differentiation of self in predicted of family function in women with marital conflict. According to the results there is a significant relationship between differentiation of self with problem solving, communication, emotional companionship, emotional involvement, overall performance and predicted of family function in women with marital conflict.
https://www.ijashss.com/article_85634_8e1d56bd02c698a10d0a3c446ea9e839.pdf
2017-01-01
23
27
Differentiation of Self
Family Function
Marital conflict
Taraneh
Ghaem Magami
1
Department of psychology, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbass
Abolghasemi
2
Professor of Psychology, Department of Guilan University, Guilan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mojgan
Niknam
3
Department of psychology, Roodehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roodehen, Iran
AUTHOR
Cotey, G. (1999). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Brooks, Cole Publishing Company.
1
Epstein, N. B. Baldwin. L. M. & Bishop, D. S. (1983). The Macmaster model of family assessment device. Journal of Marital and Family therapy, 9(2), 171-180.
2
Heponiemi, T., Keltiangas-Jarvinen, L., Puttonen, S. & Ravaja, N. (2003). BIS/ BAS sensitivity and self- rated affects during experimentally induced stress. Personality and Individual Differences, 34(2), 354- 359.
3
Kwon, D.O. (2000). The relationship between marital satisfaction, self esteem and Bowen differentiation of self. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, School of Behaviorism, Alliant International University, Los Angeles, California.
4
Mendenhall, T. J., Grotevant, H. D., McRoy, R.G. (1996). Adoptive couples: Communication and changes made in openness levels. Family Relations, 45, 22-223.
5
Pelage, M. (2008). The relationship between differentiation of self and marital satisfaction: What can be learn from married couple over the course of life? The American Journal of Family Therapy, 36(1), 388- 401.
6
Skowron, E. A. & Dandy, A.K. (2004). Differentiation of self and attachment in adulthood: Relational correlates of effortful control. Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 26(2), 208.
7
Sorbom, B., Harry, M. & Christine, E. (2015). The Comparetion differentiation, and control strategies targeted at women with marital conflict and without conflict. Journal of family violence, 19(2), 131-142.
8
Skowron, E.A, & Schmitt, T.A. (2003). Assessing interpersonal fusion: Reliability and validity of a new DSI Fusion with Others subscale. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29:209–222.
9
Elieson, M. V., & Rubin, L. J. (2001). Differentiation of self and major depressive disorders: A test of Bowen theory among clinical, traditional, and Internet groups. Family Therapy, 28, 125–142.
10
Heiden-Rootes, K.M, Jankowski, P., & Sandage, S.J. (2010).Bowen Family Systems Theory and Spirituality: Exploring the Relationship between Triangulation and Religious Questing.Contemporary Family Therapy, 32: 89-101.
11
Tuason, M.T., & Friedlander, M.L.(2000). Do parents’ differentiation levels predict those of their adult children? And other test of Bowen theory in a Philippine sample.Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47: 27-35.
12
Gushue, G.V.,&Constantin, M.G.(2003).Examining individualism, collectivism, and self-differentiation in African-American college women. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 25:1-15.
13
Skowron, E.A.,&Friedlander, M.L. (1998). The differentiation of self inventory: Development and initial validation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45: 235-246.
14
Skowron, E. A., Holmes, S. E. & Sabatelli, R.M. (2003). Deconstructing differentiation: Self-regulation, interdependent relating, and well-being in adulthood. Contemporary Family Therapy, 25(1), 111-129.
15
Skowron, E. A. & Schmitt, T. A. (2003). Assessing interpersonal fusion: Reliability and validity of a new DSI fusion with others subscale. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29(2), 209-222.
16
Skowron, E. A. Stanley, K. L. & Shapiro, M. D. (2009).A longitudinal perspective on differentiation of self, interpersonal and psychological well-being in young adulthood. Contemporary Family Therapy, 31(1), 3-18.
17
Skowron, E. A., Van Epps, J. J. & Cipriano, E. A. (In press). Toward greater understanding of differentiation of self in Bowen Family Systems Theory: Empirical
18
developments and future directions. In C. Rabin & M. Mikulincer (Eds.).Differentiation of self: Theory, research, and clinical applications.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Analyzing of Several Factors on WOM and e-WOM with AMOS techniques (Case study: Isfahan city)
Improve more the business environment, creating a competitive environment; organizations are looking for new ways to increasing your profits. Thus knowing Methods like mouth (WOM) and electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) communication in which having a low price for the Organizations that it helps to improve performance is good. Thus, the purpose of the present research is to survey the impact of four factors between WOM and e-WOM. The information gathering tools were old studied Questionnaires. The statistical population consisted of 580 units in Isfahan city; from the 580, 210 were chosen by using stratified randomized sampling. 250 questionnaires were distributed to targeted population. Out of 250 questionnaires we received 202 completed questionnaires. This represents a response rate is quite suitable for this type of study. The research model was evaluations by using SPSS and AMOS techniques. Also the results presented that all of the factors associated with WOM and e-WOM except one factor are supported.
https://www.ijashss.com/article_83857_ad3b987b8e6d10a14f0eb3179a8ca3fd.pdf
2017-01-01
28
36
WOM
E-WOM
AMOS techniques
Improve performance
Elham Sadat
Moosavizadeh
1
Masters of Business Administration (Marketing Trends) University Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Assael, H. (2004). Consumer behavior: A strategic approach. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
1
Arndt J. (1967), Role of product-related conversations in the diffusion of a new product. J Mark Rs; 4:291 – 5.
2
Balasubramanian Sridhar, Mahajan V. (2001), the economic leverage of the virtual community. Int J Electron Commer; 5(3):103 – 38.
3
Bickart Barbara, Schindler Robert M, (2001), Internet forums as influential sources of consumer information. J Interact Market; 15(3):31 –40.
4
Black, D.S.S., Mitra, K., & Webster, C. (1998). Word-of-Mouth communications: A motivational analysis. Advances in Consumer Research, 25, 527–531.
5
Bone, P.F. (1992). Determinants of Word-of-Mouth communication during product consumption. Advances in Consumer Research, 19, 579–583.
6
Bone Paula F,( 1995), Word-of-mouth effects on short-term and long-term product judgments. J Bus Res; 32:213–23.
7
Burzynski, M.H., & Bayer, D.J. (1977). The effect of positive and negative prior information on motion picture appreciation. The Journal of Social Psychology, 101(1), 215–218.
8
Chevalier, J. A., & Mayzlin, D. (2006). The effect of word of mouth on sales: Online book reviews. Journal of Marketing Research, 43(3), 345—354.
9
Duhan, D.F., Johnson, S.D., Wilcox, J.B. and Harrell, G.D. (1997), “Influences on consumer use of word-of-mouth recommendation sources”, Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 25 No. 4, pp. 283-95.
10
Engel James E, Blackwell Roger D, Kegerreis Robert J. (1969), How information is used to adopt an innovation. J Advert Res; 9:3– 8.
11
East, R; Hammond, K; Lomax, W ;(2008); Measuring the impact of positive and negative word of mouth on brand purchase probability; Intern. J. of Research in Marketing 25, 215–224.
12
Gruen, T.W., Osmonbekov, T. and Czaplewski, A.J. (2006), “E-WOM: the impact of customer-to-customer know-how exchange on customer value and loyalty”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 59 No. 4, pp. 449-56.
13
Godes, D. and Mayzlin, D. (2004), “Using online conversations to study word-of-mouth communication”, Marketing Science, Vol. 23 No. 4, pp. 545-60.
14
Goyette, I; Ricard, L; Bergeron, J; Marticotte, M ;(2010); e-WOM Scale: Word-of-Mouth Measurement Scale for e-Services Context; Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 27: 5–23.
15
Gruen, Osmonbekov, Czaplewski;(2006); eWOM: The impact of customer-to-customer online know-how exchange on customer value and loyalty, Journal of Business Research 59, 449 – 456.
16
Hennig-Thurau, T. and Walsh, G. (2003), “Electronic word-of-month: motives for and consequence of reading customer articulation on the internet”, International Journal of Electric Commerce, Vol. 8 No. 2, pp. 51-74.
17
Hennig-Thurau Thorsten, Gwinner Kevin P, Walsh Gianfranco, Gremler Dwayne D, (2004), Electronic word-of-mouth via consumer-opinion platforms: what motivates consumers to articulate themselves on the Internet? Interact Market; 18(1):38 – 52.
18
Hill, R. A., & Dunbar, R. I. M. (2003). Social network size in humans. Human Nature, 14(1), 53—72.
19
Kaplan, A; Haenlein, M, (2011). Two hearts in three-quarter time: How to waltz the. Business Horizons; 54, 253—263.
20
Katz Elihu, Lazarfeld Paul, (1955), Personal influence. Glencoe, IL’ Free Press.
21
Keaveney, S. M. (1995). Customer switching behavior in service industries: An exploratory study. Journal of Marketing, 59(2), 71−82.
22
Kotler, P. and Keller, K.L. (2008), Marketing Management, 13th ed., Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
23
MacInnis Deborah J, Jaworski Bernard J.( 1989); Information processing from advertisements: toward an integrative framework. J Mark; 53:1– 23.
24
Marsden, P. V. (1987). Core discussion networks of Americans. American Sociological Review, 52(1), 122—131.
25
Reingen, P. H., & Kernan, J. B. (1986). Analysis of referral networks in marketing: Methods and illustration. Journal of Marketing Research, 23(4), 370—378.
26
Richins, M.L. (1983). Negative Word-of-Mouth by dissatisfy end consumers: A pilot study. Journal of Marketing, 47, 68–78.
27
Silverman, G. (1997), “Harvesting the Power of Word of mouth,” Potentials in Marketing, 30(9), 14-16.
28
Sachse, S; Mangold, S ;( 2011); Brand equity dilution through negative online word-of-mouth communication, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services ,18 , 38–45.
29
Singh, J. (1990). Voice, exit, and negative Word-of-Mouth behaviors: An investigation across three service categories. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 18(1), 1–15.
30
Swan, J.E., & Oliver, R.L. (1989). Post purchase communications by consumers. Journal of Retailing, 65(4), 516–533.
31
Trusov, M., Bucklin, R. E., & Pauwels, K. (2009). Effects of word-of mouth versus traditional marketing: Findings from an Internet social networking site. Journal of Marketing, 73(5), 90—102.
32
Park, D.-H., Lee, J. and Han, I. (2007), “The effects of on-line consumer reviews on consumer purchasing intention: the moderating role of involvement”, International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 125-48.
33
Voss, K.E., Spangenberg, E.R. and Grohmann, B. (2003), “Measuring the hedonic and utilitarian dimensions of consumer attitude”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 40 No. 3, pp. 310-20.
34
Whyte, W.H. Jr. (1954). The web of Word of Mouth. Fortune, 50(5), 140–143.
35
Wangenheim, F.V. and Bayon, T. (2004), “The effect of word of mouth on services switching: measurement and moderating variables”, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 38 Nos 9/10, pp. 1173-85.
36
Wu,P ; Wang.Y ;(2011); The influences of electronic word-of-mouth message appeal and message source credibility on brand attitude; Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics Vol. 23 No. 4, pp. 448-472.
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Management Ownership Adjustments and Its Changes on A Company’s Value
In recent decades, the effect of management ownership on a company’s value has been a fundamental and noteworthy subject in companies’ organization and financial researches. In the current research, the effect of management ownership adjustments and its changes on a company’s value has been studied. In this regard, all the collected data were used from 52 companies that were accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2006 to 2011. Management ownership and its transformations have been considered as independent variables in this research. The dependent variable that has been studied is the company’s value. Multiple regression and panel data methods have been used to test the hypothesis. Two hypotheses have been developed to accomplish this research: in the first one, the effect of management ownership adjustments on a company’s value has been studied. The first hypothesis result shows its acceptance in the significance level of 95%. In the second hypothesis, the changes of management ownership have been studied. The results of this hypothesis test showed that management ownership changes and transformations have a meaningful effect on a company’s value.
https://www.ijashss.com/article_85635_aca921f61b15be4f6b41e42324d6d9a0.pdf
2017-01-01
37
44
Company’s Value
Management Ownership
Ownership Adjustments
Najmeh
Soleimani Dahaj
1
MA student, Department of accounting Islamic Azad university, Sirjan Science and Research Branch,Sirjan,Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehdi
Alinezhad Sarokolaei
2
Assistant professor of Department of Accounting, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tabriz,Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Akbarifard
3
Assistant professor of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
AUTHOR
Arab Salehi, M., Saeedi A., Abedini R., Avanji A. (1390). Investigating the relationship between net operating assets and return on equity firms Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. Journal of Accounting progress Shiraz University, Volume III, Number. 2, pp. 89-112.
1
Esta, S.( 1390).Studying the relationship between ownership structure and earnings management, Journal of Financial Accounting, Third Year, No.2.
2
Fahlenbrach R., &Stulz, R. M., (2009). Managerial ownership dynamics and firm value. Journal of Financial Economics, 92, 342–361,
3
Ghorbani S., Adili M.(1391).Handling cash, enterprise value and asymmetric information," Journal of Accounting, Third Year, No.8.
4
Hashemi A., Akhlaghi H.(1389). Reviewing the literature on dividend policy and financial leverage and their impact on firm value Quarterly Scientific Journal. 3, 166-152, (students of accounting and financial management, issue.13)
5
Hashemi A., Bekrany K.(1390).Effect of ownership structure and corporate governance of listed companies on capital structure decisions, Tehran Stock Exchange, Journal of Financial Accounting, Third Year, No.. 9, No. 18
6
Ming- Yung Chen., (2013). Adjustments in managerial ownership and changes in firm value., Graduate Institute of Human Resource Management, National Central University, No.300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwa.
7
Nekoonam J., Nekoonam M. (1391) .Examining the relationship between ownership structure and accounting conservatism.the Tenth National Conference on Accounting, Tehran, Alzahra University
8
Saied A., Shiri A. (1391). Ownership structure and firm performance - Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange. Quarterly Stock Exchange, pp. 153 - 172, Number. 18, in the fifth year.
9
Sajjadi A.(1388).Theory of representation in corporate governance . Journal of Law - Faculty of Law and Political Science Journal, Volume 39., number 4, pp. 257- 276.
10
Sinai H., Solgi M., Mohammadi K.(1390 ).Impact of growth opportunities on the relationship between capital structure, dividends and ownership structure corporate value, Journal of Accounting Research, Financial, third year, no. 4.
11
Valipur H., Khurram A. (1390). Effectiveness of corporate governance mechanisms to reduce agency costs. Journal of Accounting and management, fourth year, no. 8.
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Equality before the law from Imam Ali’s viewpoint
Equality, in fact, is the most fundamental issue in the Islamic worldview and one of the branches of the robust tree of Tawhid. Equality aims at eliminating discrimination and moving toward human ascendency. Therefore, this article mainly focuses on scrutinizing the basic and principal issues related to equality and God-given rights or inalienable rights from Imam Ali’s peace be upon him point of view. Despite a brief period of governance of Islamic society, Imam Ali (PBUH), compared to other periods, paid special attention to the many variations among races, languages, colors, religions and political parties. However, a legal analysis of his words and practice in this regard is of great difficulty, because he was not only a jurist and a mystical as well as ethical leader, but also a metaphysics scholar, a Qur’an exegete, an Islamic legal systems commentator and, a governor. Indeed, no historian or writer, however deft and dexterous he maybe, can draw a true picture of the Commander of the Faithful even in a thousand pages, nor can he explain the dreadful events which took place in his time. The things which this thought of, and acted upon, had not until that point been seen or heard by anyone. It is more than a historian can cover even in a very detailed treatise. Hence, whatever picture of Imam Ali is described by author will inevitably be incomplete. The present article attempts to explain equality before the law, in referring to a competent court and receiving just examination from Imam Ali’s (PBUH) viewpoint.
https://www.ijashss.com/article_83858_e40a4922b56dffa6814be88c0f95fd87.pdf
2017-01-01
45
56
equality
Law
Imam Ali (PBUH)
Islamic ruler
Justice
Hamid Reza
Salehi
1
Department of law, Payam-e Noor University, Tehran, I.R of IRAN
AUTHOR
Holy Qur’an. Qum.
1
Al-Hor al-A'melee, Muhammad ibn al-Hasan. (1430‘AH’). Vasa'eel al-Shi'a, Qum: BoostanKetab Publication.
2
Evans, M. (ed.) (2001). Edinburgh Companion to Contemporary Liberalism: Evidence and Experience, London: Routledge.
3
Imam A. (2012). Nahj al-Balaghah (Peak of eloquence). Sermons, Letters, and Sayings of Ameer al-Mu'mineen, the Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali the son of AbiTalib, 14th edition, Tehran. Scientific and cultural publication.
4
Ishaque, K.M. (ed.) (1980). Islamic Law, Its Ideals and Principles, in A. Gauher, The Challenge of Islam, London: The Islamic Council of Europe.
5
Ja'fari-Langeroudi, Muhammad J. (1373). ‘AH(Solar)’. Islam law, Tehran: Ganje- danesh publication.
6
Jordac Lebanon, G. (1431) (AH). The Voice of Human Justice (Sautu'l 'Adalati'lInsaniyah), Trans. M. FazelHaq, First Edition, Qum: Ansariyan Publications.
7
Kukathas, Ch. (2003). Ethical Pluralism from a Classical Liberal Perspective, in the Many and the One: Religious and Secular Perspectives on Ethical Pluralism in the Modern World, ed. Richard Madsen and Tracy B. Strong, Ethicon Series in Comparative Ethics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
8
Roberts, Julian V. (2011). Mitigation and Aggravation at Sentencing, Chapter Seven - Equality before the law, By Kate Warnern, London: Cambridge University Press.
9
Shahrashub, Muhammad ibn A. (1424). Manaqib Ali ibn AbiTalib, vol.lll, Qum: Howza publication.
10
Tabataba'i, AllamahSayyid M.H. (1427). (AH). Shi'a, Trans. SayyidHusayn Nasr, Qum: Ansaryan Publications.
11
Tahmasebi, Muhammad Husayn. (ed.) (1423) (AH). Imam Ali(S) Sunshine of Civilized Islam, Ed. Abdullah al-Shahin, First Edition, Qum: Ansariyan Publications.
12
Alikhani, AA. (1380). ‘AH(Solar)’. ‘Justice in political thought of Imam Ali’, in Journal of howza thought 6, no.5, 57-84.
13
Elha'mi, D. (1360). ‘AH(Solar)’. ‘Observance of Equality in Islam’, in Journal of Islam school, no.6, 40-44.
14
Golsorkhi Kashani, R. (1348). ‘AH (Solar)’. ‘A letter to the officers and soldiers of equality government’, in Journal of Islam school 10, no.7, 25-29.
15
Haghpanah, R. (1381). ‘AH (Solar)’. ‘Meritocratic in ‘Alawi system’, in Journal of howza thought 7, no. 3&4, 191-218.
16
Hakimi, M. (1380). ‘AH (Solar)’. ‘Imam Ali, justice and Equivalence’, in Book review journal 5, no.19, 68-115.
17
Hashemi, SAA. (1380). ‘AH (Solar)’. ‘Procedure in the view point of Imam Ali’, in True thought journal, Spring, 56-71.
18
Hosseini, SA. (1379). ‘AH (Solar)’. ‘Social justice & Imam Ali’, in Research mirror journal, 9-59.
19
Latifi, M. (1379). ‘AH (Solar)’. ‘Social justice in ‘Alawi government’, in Islamic government journal 5, no.4, 16-55.
20
Makarim Shirazi, N. (1370). ‘AH (Solar)’. ‘A brief look at the issue of equality in Islam’, in Journal of the faculty of law & political science, 43-50.
21
MohagheghDamad, SM. (1387). ‘AH(Solar)’. ‘Imam Ali & human rights’, in Book review journal 5, no.18, 150-193.
22
Musa'zade, E. (1384). ‘AH(Solar)’. ‘Governance and Justice in the Qur’an and political thought of Imam Ali’, in Constitutional law journal 3, no.5, 177-207.
23
Mutahhari, M. (1350). ‘AH(Solar)’. ‘A journey to Nahj al-Balaghah, government & justice13’, no. 3, 17-20.
24
Nava'ee, AA. (1379). ‘AH(Solar)’. ‘Government of Ali; symbol of rights' adherent’, in Journal of howza thought 6, no.4, 193-211.
25
Rippy, Alyssa E. Newman, E. (2006). ‘Perceived Religious Discrimination and its Relationship to Anxiety and Paranoia Among Muslim Americans’, in Journal of Muslim Mental Health, Vol.1, Issue 1, July, 5-20.
26
Rippy, Alyssa E. Newman, E. (2008). ‘Adaptation of a Scale of Race-Related Stress for Use with Muslim Americans’, in Journal of Muslim Mental Health, Vol.3, Issue 1, May, 53-68.
27
Salehi, HR. Abbasi, M. (1390). ‘AH(Solar)’. ‘Human innate dignity; The last word in the ethics & medical law’, in Quarterly journal of medical ethics, vol.5, no.16, 39-78.
28
Salehi, HR. Heydari, E. (1390). ‘AH(Solar)’. ‘Equality As the most important citizenship right from the view point of Nahj al-Balaghah’, Hamedan: 1st conference of Nahj al-Balaghah and human science.
29
Aldeeb Abu-Sahlieh, Sami A. (1990). ‘Human Rights Conflicts Between Islam and the West’, in Third World Legal Studies, Vol. 9, Article 11.
30
Universal Declaration of Human Rights’. (2013). Available at: <http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml>. Accessed 29 January 2013.
31
Asadi, Mohammad. (2012) ‘The leadership of Imam Ali’, Cultural Centre of the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Available at: <http://www.herald.co.zw/index.php?option=com_content&id=56699:the-leadership-of-imam-ali#.UQepwne955c>, Accessed 29 January 2013.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An Investigation of the Effects of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Customer Satisfaction in the Ministry of Education, Tehran 5th District
Since the prospective companies in today's fiercely competitive space, no choice but to employ strategies that will lead to maximum absorption customers and sell products and services, today, customer satisfaction has become one of the main concerns of managers of enterprises and therefore subject to many factors involved, one of the topics of organizational citizenship behavior in organizations. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of motion is characteristic of organizational citizenship behavior on customer satisfaction. In this study, the Kano model to measure satisfaction and citizenship behavior in the Oregon model was used. According to the statistical community Unlimited existing between the client and the Ministry of Education District 5 of Tehran, for example, 140 is considered, in part due to the limited staff of 110 people of the volume of all their employees through the study placed. Data collection for this study is based on two standard questionnaires used background research that has been reviewed and approved the validity and reliability. Due to the abnormal distribution of data, research, analysis, data, Spearman correlation test was used. Examine the hypothesis implies that all components of organizational citizenship behavior on customer satisfaction has an impact, therefore, based on the findings the following recommendations are proposed: Inform employees about organizational citizenship behavior, a sense of appreciation for the staff to handle customer complaints, customer awareness, increase knowledge of the technical and ethical employees, as part of the working group dealing with clients.
https://www.ijashss.com/article_85636_5255711995ed143108152afd4da4b21c.pdf
2017-01-01
57
64
Customer Satisfaction
Customer service
organizational citizenship behavior
Manouchehr
Jofreh
1
Assistant Professor of Management Islamic Azad University at Central Tehran Branch, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyed Sadegh
Kazemi
2
M.A of Management in Islamic Azad University at Central Tehran Branch, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali Zadeh, M., Shahrani, A. (2008). " Explaining the role of organizational culture on organizational citizenship behavior ". The first conference Organizational Citizenship Behavior, School of Management, Tehran University.
1
Appelbaum, S., & Bartolomucci, N., & Beaumier, E., & Boulanger, J., & Corrigan, R., & Dore, I., & Girard, C., & Serroni, C. (2004). "organizational citizenship behavior : a case study of culture , leadership and trust " manamement decision Vol.42 No.1, pp. 13-40
2
Bienstock, C. Carol & W. Carol Demoranville & K. Rachel Smith (2003). OrganizationalCitizenshipBehavior and Service Quality, Journal of Services Marketing, Vol.17, No.4, P.357-378
3
Design and implementation of the bank's employee satisfaction measurement system to promote organizational citizenship behavior (Ali Divandari, Azimi Vafaei, Akbar Hassanpour), MS Thesis, 2008
4
Mohammadi E. (2011). (philosophy of Customer focus and respect for the client), Rasa, Tehran,
5
Fattahi, M. and Amir A. (2008). organizational citizenship behavior : definition , causes , consequences, and presents a basic model , the first national conference management, organizational citizenship behavior, Tehran , Faculty of Management , Tehran University.
6
Organ D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington Books, Lexington, MA.
7
Robbins, Stephen P. (1999). Organizational Behavior (concepts, theories, applications), translated by Doctor Ali Parsaeian and Doctor Mohammad Arabi (Second Edition, Office of Cultural Research)
8
Mostabseri, M. Nejabi, A.R. (2008). “Burnout OCB moderating factor in the organization."
9
Seyed Naghavi, (Advanced Organizational Behavior) Mahkameh, Tehran, 2012
10
Sobhaninejad, M., Youzbashi, A., Shateri, K. (2010). organizational citizenship behavior (theoretical, correlation and assessment tools) , Yastoroun.
11
Spector, E. P., and fox, S. (2002). "An Emotion –Centered Model of Voluntary Work Behavior, Some Parallels Between Counterproductive Work Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior", Human Resource Management Review, 12, 269-292
12
Ziethaml, V.A. (1988). 'Consumer perceptions of price, quality and value:a means-end model and synthesis of evidence', Journal of Marketing,
13
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership Quarterly, 1: 107–142.
14
Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1966, 1978). The social psychology of organizations. New York: Wiley. Kelley, S. W., & Hoffman, K. D. 1997. An investigation of positive affect, prosaically behaviors, and service quality. Journal of Retailing, 73: 407–427.
15
Organ, D. W. (1990a). The motivational basis of organizational citizenship behavior. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior, Vol. 12: 43–72. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
16
Zarei Matin, H. (2009). Advanced Organizational Behavior Management, Tehran (2009).
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Feasibility Study of implementing Total Quality Managementin Shiraz Technical and Vocational Training Centers
The purpose of this study is the feasibility of establishing Total Quality Management. The research method is survey type. The population of vocational training centers in Shiraz. The sample size was determined by conducting 85 patients included 69 males and 16 females. Data has been collected through a questionnaire of Total Quality Management (NouhPisheh). To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used and descriptive statistics to analyze survey data from a frequency distribution table, the mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics were used in this test (one sample) and chi-square. Results of data analysis using t-test indicated that the basis for the establishment of comprehensive quality management in technical and vocational training centers in Shiraz with respect to the components of management commitment, customer focus, decision-making and inclusive participation, there is continuous improvement, assessment, training and staff development. The results of the data analysis using chi-square test showed that gender and acceptance of Total Quality Management have no relationship with each other. In addition, chi-square test indicated that work experience plays no role in the adoption of TQM. Finally, according to the views of principals, teachers and administrative staff using the chi-square test, the participants in the study, trainees and staff consider it as a client.
https://www.ijashss.com/article_83859_0ae77413c83aa723c3a7047000c6f946.pdf
2017-01-01
65
75
Feasibility study
Total Quality Management
Technical and vocational Training centers
customer
Mohamad
Jamei
1
Department of Educational Science and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nader
Shahamat
2
Department of Educational Science and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Hojatollah
Fani
3
Department of Educational Science and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Abzari, M. (2002). Create new approach to support the Quality Management System. Journal Administrative Science and Economics University, winter 2002, No. 3, XIV years
1
Briggs, Rhonda S. (1998). “Senior Leadership involvement in the success of Total Quality Management at an Air National Guard Unit. "ProQuest – DissertationAbstracts.pp: 61.
2
Chadwick, P. (1995). “TQM at south Bank University” Quality Assurance in Education, Vol.3, No.1.
3
Dayton , Lewis A. (1999).“Critical Success factors in Total Quality Management Systems: A practitioner – based study of United States quality programs”.ProQuest – Dissertation Abstracts.pp: 127.
4
Dusten. K.L. (1995). “Visionary Leadership and Total Quality Management” Dissertation Abstract International, Vol.56, No.8 (1996)
5
Klocinski, john R. (2004).“Evaluation of Success and failure factors and criteria in the implementation of Total Quality Management principles in adminstration at selected institutions of higher education”.ProQuest – Dissertation Abstract.pp : 109.
6
Langan, P. (1998) “. A study of the use to teams in the Total Quality Management process, as implemented through Finance and university services at the University of Iowa. ”ProQuest – Dissertation Abstracts, pp: 164.
7
Larry, Dusten. K. (1995). “Visionary Leadership and Total Quality Management” Dissertation Abstract International, Vol.56, No.8 (1996)
8
Liu, ching – F. (2005). “Perceptions and practices of Taiwan junior college CIOS toward Total Quality Management”.ProQuest – Dissertation Abstracts, pp: 143.
9
Roderick, sunil. R. (1997). “The critical Analysis of Total Quality Management In continuing Higher Education” Dissertation Abstract International, Vol.58, No.3 (1998)
10
Roopchand, Roderick S. (2005). “The Critical analysis of Total Quality Management in continuing higher education”. ProQuest-Dissertation Abstract, pp: 378.
11
Haji Sharif, M. (1999). TQM system design. Tehran: Center of Integrated Cement co.
12
Hossein Zadeh, Davoud. Saemian, Sedigheh. Concepts and philosophy of total quality management. Magazine tact, No. 129, January 81.
13
Karimi, H. (1999). Examine the impact of the implementation of participatory management through employee suggestions boost productivity in Regional Electric Company. M.Sc. thesis, Shiraz University.
14
MousaKhani, M. (1995). Factors influencing the success or failure of delivery of comprehensive quality improvement methods and to surround it, Knowledge Management, Volume 31 and 32.
15
NiyazAzari, K., TaghvaeiYazdi, M. and NiyazAzari, M. (2010). Theories of organization and management in the third millennium. Vice City: Mehr al-nabi.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Modeling Learning Approaches of Agriculture Students, in Two Cultural Contexts
This study aimed to investigate and model psychological factors influencing learning approaches of agriculture students. A sample of 89 agricultural students from Tehran University (Iran) and 85 agricultural students from Flemish university (Belgium) participated in this study. Data were collected via a questionnaire and after that, descriptive and inferential statistics were applied for data analysis, using SPSS/v16.0. Our study revealed that both similarities and differences can be observed on the psychological characteristics of agricultural students in different cultural contexts. The findings showed that there were significant differences between the two groups (Iranian and Flemish students) on deep learning. So, the finding confirmed that learning approaches were context dependent. In this study, achievement motivation has been taken as a mediator between psychological factors and learning approaches in each cultural context. According to the findings in the Iranian and Flemish context, the most psychological dominant determinant for deep learning was self-efficacy beliefs and extroversion, respectively. For both groups, extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation had positive effects on surface learning and deep learning, respectively. Also, the two motivations showed negative effects on deep learning and surface learning, respectively. According to the findings, recommendations were put forth.
https://www.ijashss.com/article_83860_aa6b78c96fdc4d0883b758a91898cef8.pdf
2017-01-01
76
85
Learning Approaches
Agricultural Student
psychological characteristics
cross-cultural study
M.
Pouratashi
1
Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, University of Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
H. Movahed
Mohammadi
2
Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, University of Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Rezvanfar
3
Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, University of Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S.M.
Hosseini
4
Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, University of Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ch.
Zhu
5
Department of Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
AUTHOR
Allik, J. (2005). Personality dimensions across cultures. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19(3), 212-232.
1
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
2
Benet-Martínez,V., & John, O. P. (1998). Los cincograndes across cultures and ethnic groups: Multitraitmultimethod analysis of the Big Five in Spanish and English. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 729-750.
3
Biggs, J., Kember, D., & Leung, D. (2001). The revised two-factor SPQ: R-SPQ-2F. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 71, 133–149.
4
Bodas, J., Ollendick, T.H. &Sovani, A.V. (2008) Test anxiety in Indian children: A cross-cultural perspective. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 21(4), 387–404.
5
Bong, M. &Skaalvik, E. M. (2003). Academic self-concept and self-efficacy: How different are they really? Educational Psychology Review, 15(1), 1-40.
6
Burnett, P. C., & Proctor, R. M. (2002). Elementary school students’ learner self-concept, academic self-concepts and approaches to learning. Educational Psychology in Practice, 18, 325−333.
7
Case, J. M. & Marshall, D. (2004). Between deep and surface: procedural approaches to learning in engineering contexts. Studies in Higher Education, 29, 605–615.
8
Cavallo, A. M. L., & Schafer, L. E. (1994). Relationships between students’ meaningful learning orientation and their understanding of genetics topics. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 31, 393−418.
9
Chamorro-Premuzic, T., &Furnham, A. (2005). Personality and intellectual competence. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
10
Chen, G., Gully, S. M., & Eden, D. (2004). General self-efficacy and self-esteem: Toward theoretical and empirical distinction between correlated self-evaluations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 375−395.
11
Choosri, Ch. &Intharaksa, U. (2011). Relationship between Motivation and Students’ English Learning Achievement: A study of the Second – year vocational certificate level Hatyai Technical College Students. The 3rd International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences, April 2, 2011. Faculty of Liberal Arts, Prince of Songkla University Proceedings- Factors Affecting English Language Teaching and Learning.
12
Costa, P. T. Jr. & McCrae, R. R. (1995). Domains and facets: Hierarchical personality assessment using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, Journal of Personality Assessment, 64, 21-50.
13
Deci, E.L. & Ryan, R.M. (2000). The ‘what’ and ‘why’ of Goal pursuits: Humanneeds and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry,11(4), 227–268.
14
DeYoung, C.G., & Gray, J.R. (2009). Personality neuroscience: explaining individual differences in affect, behavior, and cognition. In: P.J. Corr and G. Matthews (Eds.) The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology, New York: Cambridge University Press, 323–346.
15
Felder, R. M., & Brent, R. (2005). Understanding student differences. Journal of Engineering Education, 94 (1), 57-72.
16
French, S.L. (2010). Motivation for enrolling in school-based agricultural education expressed by Cafnr freshmen students. Unpublished Master thesis. Department of Agricultural Education, University of Missouri.
17
George, D. &Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. 11.0 update (4th Ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
18
Hancock, D. R. (2001). Effect of test anxiety and evaluative threats on students’ achievement and motivation. The Journal of Educational Research, 94(5), 284-290.
19
Hofer, J., Busch, H., Bender, M., Ming, L., &Hagemeyer, B. (2010). Arousal of Achievement Motivation among Student Samples in Three Different Cultural Contexts: Self and Social Standards of Evaluation. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 41(5-6) 758 –775.
20
Isen, A. M. & Reeve, J. (2005). The influence of positive affect on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: Facilitating enjoyment of play, responsible work behavior, and self-control. Motivation and Emotion, 29(4), 297-325.
21
John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big-Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In: L. A. Pervin& O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 102–138). New York: Guilford Press.
22
Komarraju, M., &Karau, S. J. (2005). The relationship between the Big Five personality traits and academic motivation. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 557−567.
23
Lee, M.K.O., Cheung, Ch.M.K. & Chen, Zh. (2005). Acceptance of Internet-based learning medium: the role of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Information & Management, 42, 1095–1104.
24
Legault, L., Green-Demers, I., & Pelletier, L. (2006). Why do high school students lack motivation in the classroom? Toward an understanding of academic amotivation and the role of social support. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98, 567-582
25
Mandel, H. P., & Marcus, S. I. (1988). The psychology of under achievement: Differential diagnosis and differential treatment. In I. B. Wiley (Series Ed.), Wiley series on personality processes. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
26
Nyroos, M., Korhonen, J., Linnanmaki, K. &Svens-Liavåg, C. (2012). A cross-national comparison of test anxiety in Swedish and Finnish grade 3 pupils: Measured by the CTAS. Education Inquiry, 3(4), 615–636.
27
Oludipe, B. (2009). Influence of test anxiety on performance levels on numerical tasks of secondary school physics students. Academic Leadership: Online Journal, 7(4).
28
Peabody, D., & Goldberg, L. R. (1989). Some determinants of factor structures from personality trait descriptors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 552-567.
29
Pekrun, R. (2000). A social-cognitive, control-value theory of achievement emotions. In J. Heckhausen (Ed.) Motivational Psychology of Human Development: Developing Motivation and Motivational Development, Advances in Psychology 131, (pp. 143–163). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
30
Pintrich, P.R., Smith D.A.F., Garcia, T. &McKeachie, W.J. (1991). Motivated strategies for learning questionnaire. National Centre for Research to Improve Postsecondary Teaching and Learning.
31
Rizwan, A.R. & Nasir, M. (2010). The relationship between test anxiety and academic achievement. Bulletin of Education and Research,32(2), 63- 74.
32
Ross, Sh. (2008). Motivation correlates of academic achievement: Exploring how motivation influences academic achievement in the PISA 2003 dataset. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership Studies, University of Victoria.
33
Saracaloglu, A.S. &Dinçer, I.B. (2009). A study on correlation between self-efficacy and academic motivation of prospective teachers. Paper presented at the World Conference Education Science, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(2009), 320–325.
34
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