ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determining the Strategy of Maintaining Minor Stockholders Rights Based on Firm Governance
The present research aims investing ate the strategy of maintaining minor stockholders rights based on firm governance which was carried out in stock firms in 2011-2012. The research population was the accounting lecturers and the managers of stock firms among which 172 samples were chosen by Chockran formula which the number of samples returning the responses was 152. This research contains four hypotheses: unfolding the information duly for minor stockholders has a significant relationship with firm governance. 2) The existence of information bases has a significant relationship with firm governance. 3) At present minor stockholders do not have any tool to supervise the managers and the directory board issues. 4) Culturization and education of stockholders have a significant relationship with firm governance. In this research, the data were collected through field observation and questionnaire. T-student test was used to identify if the responses given to variables are at very low, high and very high. Regarding the fact that scale level of questions of this research is ranked, the best test to establish the relationship among the variables is spearman test. The primary processing was preformed through Excel software and spss18 was used to analyze the data.
https://www.ijashss.com/article_83451_94144103ef417030c5fce836e3350571.pdf
2013-04-01
83
91
stockholders
Firm governance
strategy
Spearman test
Fateme
Dashti Marvili
1
M.A. student of Accounting, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Esmaelzadeh Maghari
2
Departments of Accounting, Eslamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Eslamshahr, Iran
AUTHOR
Mostafa
Kholdi
3
Departments of Accounting, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
AUTHOR
Babajani, J., Poria Nasab, A (2003). The conceptual framework is based on the Accountability, Journal of Accounting Studies, Alame-e-Tabatabaei University.
1
Hasas Yegane, Y (2004). The concept of corporate governance and its role in reporting, Facing financial reporting developments national conference. 8 and 9 December.
2
Hasas Yegane, Y (2005). Theoretical Foundations of Corporate Governance, Monthly Accountant, Chartered Accountants Kheberh, 168, December.
3
Rahbary Kharazi, M (2004). Studying and understanding the state of corporate governance in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange, and compared it with the world. M.Sc. thesis of Accounting, Alame-e-Tabatabaei University.
4
Rahbary Kharazi, M (2006). Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development principles of corporate governance, exchange of information publishing company
5
Berle, A., Means, G (1932), “The Modern Corporate and private property”, New York.
6
Cadbury code, the (December 1992), “Report of the committee on Financial Aspects of corporate Governance”: the cod of Best practice, Gee professional publishing, London.
7
Cadbury, A (2002), corporate Governance and chairmanship: A personal View, oxford University press, oxford.
8
Dezoort, F.T., Salterio, S (2001), “The Effects of corporate Governance Experience judgments”, Auditing : A journal of practice and Theory, September.
9
Economist, the (28 November 2002), “Investor self – protection”.
10
Franks, J., Mayer, C (1994), “The ownership and control of Garman corporation”, (manuscript), London Business school, London.
11
Fox, L (2003) Enron, “The Rise and Fall”, john wiley & sons, Hoboken, Nj.
12
Higgs Report, the (January 2003), “Review of the Role and Effectiveness of Non – Executive Directors, Department of trade and Industry “, London.
13
International Federation of Accountants, (2004), “Enterprise Governance Getting the Balance Right”, professional Accountants in Business Committee (PAIB), New York.
14
La porta, R., Lopez-de- silanes, F., shellfire, Aand vishny, RW (1998), “Law and Finance”, journal of political economy, 106.
15
McDaniel, L.R.D., Maines, LA (2002) “Evaluating Financial Reporting Quality : The Effects of Financial Expertise versus financial Literacy”, The Accounting Review , supplement.
16
OECD. (1999), (2004), “OECD principles of corporate Governance”, OECD, Paris.
17
Parkinson, J.E (1994). “Corporate power and Responsibility”, OECD, Paris.
18
Solomon, J., Solomon, A (2004), corporate Governance and Accountability john wiley & Sons, England.
19
Tricker, R.I (1984), “Corporate Governance, practices, procedures and power in British companies and Their Boards of directors, Gower press, Alders hot, UK.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Socio-Economic and Educational Changes of Muslim Minorities in Rural Area: a Sociological Study (With Special Reference to Davangere District, Karnataka)
The Indian constitution is committed to the equality of citizens and the responsibility of the state preserve protect and assure the rights of minorities in the matter of language, religion and culture, that is why our national leaders while forming the constitution, emphasized the doctrine of unity in diversity. The problems of minorities are worldwide and not limited to any region or country. We did not find any country who did not possess minorities. So the problems of minorities had its own structure and seriousness. For rural Muslim minorities / agriculture various business, problems of shelter are main elements. For Muslims education Government had many policies for example Government established Urdu schools. Thus communities with a relatively high literacy level have continued to improve over the years but the SCs/STs too have also benefited from affirmative action in indirect ways.8 Muslims, on the other hand, have not been able to respond to the challenge of improving their educational status. Consequently, their gap vis a vis the group labeled ‘All Others’ (with initially high literacy levels) has increased further, particularly since the 1980s On 9 March 2005, the PMO had issued the Notification for constitution of the High Level Committee for preparation of Report on the Social, Economic and Educational Status of the Muslim Community of India The Committee is an independent body of well-known experts drawn from the fields of Economics, Sociology Education, Demography, Public Administration, Development Planning and Programme Implementation.
https://www.ijashss.com/article_83452_19319161cf9408d7e79bcc3497a95eef.pdf
2013-04-01
92
96
Minorities
Muslim Population
Education
Development
Policies
Programmes
Sachar Committee Report
G.B
Narasimhamurthy
1
Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Sociology, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta – 577 451
AUTHOR
E.
Chandrashekar
2
Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Sociology, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta – 577 451
AUTHOR
Annual Meeting, Providence, Rhode Island, July 24-27, 2005.
1
Deshpande S. and Sethi S (2010). Role and Position of Women Empowerment in Indian Society, International Referred Research Journal, Vol. 1(17), pp. 24-27.
2
Human Development Report (2004). Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, India.
3
Khan T. M. and Maan A.A (2008). Socio-cultural Milieu of Women’s Empowerment in District Faisalabad, Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 45(3), pp.78-90.
4
Malhotra A., Schuler S. R. and Boender C (2003). Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, paper presented at the International Council for Research on Women (ICRW), Insight and Action Seminar, Washington DC, 12 November 2003.
5
Parveen S. and Leonhauser IU (2004). Empowerment of Rural Women in Bangladesh: A Household Level Analysis, Conference on Rural Poverty Reduction through Research for Development and Transformation, Deutscher Tropentag-Berlin, 5-7 October 2004.
6
Sachar R (2006). Social, economic and educational status of the Muslim Community in India, Prime Minister High Level Committee, Cabinet Secretariat, Govt. of India, New Delhi.
7
Tripathi T (2011). Women’s Empowerment: Concept and Empirical Evidence from India, paper presented at annual conference (‘Winter School’) of the Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics, December, 10-13, 2011.
8
Varghese T (2011). Women Empowerment in Oman: A Study based on Women Empowerment Index, Far East, Journal of Psychology and Business, Vol. 2(2), pp.37-53.
9
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Co-Teaching on Improving EFL Learner's Reading Comprehension
This study aimed at examining whether co-teaching strategy could maximize EFL students' reading comprehension more than the traditional single person teaching. To fulfill the study, 90 female students were selected from among 120 students of intermediate EFL learners already passed level five at two private language institutes in Shahre-Kord. They were all female, between seventeen to twenty in age. Three experienced female teachers took part in the study. After administering the Nelson Proficiency Test, 60 students whose score range fell one standard deviation above and below the mean were selected and divided into a control group and an experimental group. In the treatment part, reading comprehension section was implemented by one teacher for the control group while for the experimental group, teaching reading section was done by two teachers. Finally, a post-test on reading comprehension was conducted for both groups, and a t-test analysis was conducted to see whether the treatment was significant or not. The findings of the study revealed that there was a significant difference between the control and the experimental group in terms of their reading improvement and that experimental group outperformed the control group.
https://www.ijashss.com/article_83453_21aa83deaeab5b033957ae15dd9fc126.pdf
2013-04-01
97
107
Teaching Strategies
Co-Teaching
EFL Learner's
reading comprehension
Fateme
Moradian Fard
f3_moradian@yahoo.com
1
Islamic Azad University, Shahre-Kord Branch, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Elahe
AghaBabaie
2
Islamic Azad University, Shahre-Kord Branch, Iran
AUTHOR
Aliakbari, M., & Mansoori, N (2010).Implementing a co-teaching model for improving EFL learners, grammatical proficiency. Ict for language learning 3rd edition.
1
Andrews, K., & Wooten, B (2005).Closing the gap: helping students identify the skills employers want. NACE Journal, 64(4), 41–44.
2
Bauwens, J., Hourcade, J. J., &Friend, M (1989). Cooperative teaching: A model for general and special education integration. Remedial and Special Education, 10, 17–22
3
Bauwens, J., & Hourcade, J.J (1995). Cooperative teaching: Rebuilding the schoolhouse for all students. Austin, TX: PRO-E
4
Brown, H.D (2001). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy, 2nd ed. California: San Francisco State University.
5
Cook, L., & Friend, M (1995). Co teaching: Guidelines for creating effective practices. Focus on Exceptional Children, 28, 1–16.
6
Dieker, L.A (2001). What are the characteristics of “effective” middle and high school co-taught teams for students with disabilities? Preventing School Failure, 46(1), 14–23.
7
Fennick, E (2001). Co teaching: An inclusive curriculum for transition. Teaching
8
ExceptionalChildren, 33, 60–67.
9
Fennick, E., & Liddy, D (2001). Responsibilities and preparation for collaborative teaching: Co-teachers’ perspectives. Teacher Education and Special Education, 24, 229–240.
10
Friend, M., & Cook, L (2003). Interactions: Collaboration skills for school professionals (4thed.). New York: Longman
11
Friend, M., & Cook, L (2004). Co-Teaching: Principles, Practices and Pragmatics, Quarterly Special Education Meeting Albuquerque, NM
12
Hartenian, L. S., Schellenger, M., & Frederickson, P (2001).Creation and assessment of anintegrated business course. Journal of Education for Business, 76(3), 149–159.
13
Jang, S.J (2006b). Research on the effects of team teaching upon two secondary school teachers. Educational Research, 48(2), 177–194.
14
Dahlberg, K., & Hoover, J (2003).The Effects of Co-Teaching on K6 Student Moote, S., 2003. Insights into team teaching. The English Teacher: An International Journal 6 (3), 328–334.
15
Maultsby, S. & Barbara, M (2009).A Descriptive analysis of the impact of co-teaching on the Reading/Language Arts and Math achievement of selected middle school students in a Middle Tennessee school district. Tennessee State University,169pages; AAT 3408564.
16
Murawski, W. W., & Swanson, H.L (2001). A meta-analysis of co teaching research: Where are the data? Remedial and Special Education, 22, 258–267.
17
Nunan, D (1991). Language teaching methodology: A textbook for teachers. New York: Prentice-Hall.
18
Reith, H. J., & Polsgrove, L (1998).Curriculum and instructional issues in teaching secondary Students with learning disabilities. In E. L. Meyen, G. A. Vergason, & R. J. Whelan (Eds.), Educating students with mild disabilities: Strategies and methods (pp. 255-274). Denver, CO: Love.
19
Rice, D., & Zigmond, N (2000).Co teaching in secondary schools: Teacher reports of Developments in Australian and American classrooms. Learning Disabilities Research &Practice, 15, 190–197.
20
Shapiro, E. J., & Dempsey, C.J (2008). Conflict resolution in team teaching: a case study in interdisciplinary teaching. College Teaching, 56(3), 157–162.
21
Sharon, V., Jeanne, S., & Maria, A (1997). The ABCDEs of Co-Teaching, Teaching Exceptional Children, 30 (2),4-1
22
Smith, B. N., Hornsby, J. S., & Kite, M (2000).Broadening the business curriculum via a cross-disciplinary approach: a mobile unit on cultural diversity. Education, 120(4), 713–722.
23
Vaughn, S., Schumm, J. S., & Arguelles, M.E (1997).The ABCDEs of co teaching. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 30(2), 1–10.
24
Villa, R., Thousand, J., & Nevin, A (2008). A guide to co-teaching: Practical tips for facilitating student learning (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press
25
Watkins, K. & Caffarella, R (1999).Team Teaching: Face –to-face and On-line. Presentation given at Commission of Professors of Adult Education meeting. An Antonio, TX
26
Wood, M (1998). Whose job is it anyway?
27
Educational roles in inclusion. Exceptional Children, 64, 181-195.
28
Zigmond, N., & Magiera, K (2001). A focus on co-teaching: Use caution. Current Practice Alerts, 5.Retrieved August 20, 2002, from http://www.didcec.org/alerts
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of Victimization؛Causation and Explanation About Efficiency of Codes of the Elderlies in Iranian Criminal Law
Victimization is often caused by several factors such as poor physical and mental health, emotional imbalances, lack of social status and lack of environmental care, but some people’s offence is because of their physical, psychological and the other physiological characteristics more than the others. Aging means reduction of mental and physical powers that occurs over time and in different countries based on people living conditions and culture it differs. The elderly always are group of people vulnerable of being the targeted to crime. Unfortunately, the existing laws have very limited support. Also, there are behaviors which from perspective of government’s criminal laws may not be considered as crime but influence the elderly and their surrounding strongly. As a result, addressing them besides the acts and omission acts that controvert criminal laws of the governments, in order to understanding the causes of the elderly abuse, preventing it and reducing that damages influencing the elderly seems essential. So, according to extensive development in criminal laws and differentiation policy view of legislators to this area of study the existence of corporate policy in this area is required. But unfortunately there is no position for corporate policy in Iran and less attention is paid to it.
https://www.ijashss.com/article_83454_4236ada59c66868b3090892d5c081f76.pdf
2013-04-01
108
117
Victimization
Elder
IPC
etiology
Criminal policy
Hesam
Abbasi
1
Postgraduate in Criminal Law and Criminology, Payam e Noor University, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Choen, L., Felson, M. Social change and crime Rate Trends, A Routine Activity Approach American Sociological Review, No 44, 1979.
1
Fattah, E. Understanding Criminal Victimization, Prentice Hall Canada Inc, Scarborough, Ontourio, 1991.
2
Nour-mohamadi, M, and Ebeahimi M, Ingredient from woman victims in Afghanistan, The journal of the Scientific and Educational Bimonthly of the public and Revolution Prosecutors Office of Tehran, 2nd Year, 2010 June and July.
3
Rohami, M, Victimless Crimes, Mizan Publication, 2011.
4
Zandi, F., The Prevention from Elderly victimization, University of Tehran Publication, 2007.
5
Najafi Tavana, A., Fadaei, H., Obligation Of persons to report the crime in Iran and France, The Journal of Islamic Law, Vol. 5, 19, 2007.
6
Tavajohi, A., The Position of victimization in Iranian Criminal policy, Univirsity of Modares Publication, 1997.
7
Farrington, David., Development Criminology and Risk – focused Prevention, the Oxford Handbook of criminology, 2002.
8
[9] Griffiths, A, Gwyneth. Williams, john, Elder Abuse and the Law, in the Mistreatment of Elderly people London, Newbury Park, New Delhi, Sage Publication, 1994.
9
Navab Nezhad, Sh., The Psychology of Elderlies, The Journal of Elderlies Collection, Banovane nikokar Publication, 2001.
10
Najafi Abrand Abadi, A., Criminal Policy, Salsebil Publication, 2008.
11
Picca, G., Criminology, Translated to Persian by Najafi Abrand Abadi, A., Mizan Publication, 2011.
12
Njaf Abadi, E., Iranian Criminal Policy against Harm able Victims, University of Ghom Publication, 2007.
13
Lazergez, Christine, Criminal Policy, Translated to Persian by Najafi Abrand Abadi, A., Mizan Publication, 2012.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effects of Financial Management Practices and Their Role in Economical Development and Organizational Performance
This study investigates the effects of financial management practices and their role in economical development and organizational performance. Economic environment is changing rapidly and this change is characterised by such phenomena as the globalization, changing customer and investor demands, ever-increasing product-market competition. To compete successfully in this environment organizations continually need to improve their performance by reducing costs, innovating products and processes and improving quality, productivity and speed to market. The impact of talent management on organizational performance is a problem especially where only strategic staffs is treated as talents of the firm. Positive development is easier to achieve when everyone is on a common path in the organization. It is viewed in this particular study that strong organizational culture is very helpful for the new employees to adopt the organizational culture and to get the competitive advantage under the particular conditions. On the behalf of previous studies it is bring into being that employee’s commitment and group efficiency plays very crucial role to adopt the value and beliefs of the organization and enhancing the performance of the organization. Organizational culture has a deep impact on the performance of employees that can cause to improve in the productivity and enhance the organizational performance.
https://www.ijashss.com/article_83455_7b7001c6cab6aeb19cc58384128cd0e9.pdf
2013-04-01
118
122
financial management
organizational performance
economical development
Zahra
Kharazmi
z.kharazmi@chmail.ir
1
M.Sc. Students of Governmental Management, Faculty of Humanities Science, Sirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Teymouri
2
M.Sc. Students of Governmental Management, Faculty of Humanities Science, Sirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Ansoff, I.H (1990). Implanting Strategic Management. London: Prentice Hall International Ltd.
1
Arestis, P. and Demetriades P (1996). Finance and Growth: Institutional Aspects and Causality. University of East London Economic Working Papers, No.5, May.
2
Armstrong, M (2008). Strategic Human Resource Management: A Guide to Action, 4th Edition, Kogan Page, London, p.11.
3
Denison, D.R (1984). Bringing corporate culture to the bottom line. Organizational Dynamics, 13(2), 5 -22.
4
Denison, D.R (1990). Corporate Culture and Organisational Effectiveness. New York: Wiley.
5
Fernandez, D and Galetovic, A (1994). Schumpeter Might Be Right – But Why? Explaining the Relation between Finance, Development and Growth. Johns Hopkins University Working Paper in International Economics No. 96-01.
6
Gebelein, S (2006). talent management: Today’s HR departments do much more than just hiring and firing. Personnel decisions international (PDI). Minnesota Business Magazine.
7
Hofstede, G. Bond, M.H (1998). The Confucius Connection: from Cultural Roots to Economic Growth. Organ Dyn, pp. 5-21.
8
Kerr, J. & Slocum, J.W (2005). Managing corporate culture through reward systems. Academy of Management Executive, 19, 130–138.
9
Kotter, J.P. & Heskett, J.L (1992). Corporate culture and performance. New York: Free Press.
10
Lim, B (1995). Examining the organizational culture and organizational performance link. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 16(5).
11
Lok, P. Westwood, R. & Crawford, J (2005). Perceptions of organizational subculture and their significance for organizational commitment. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 54, 490–514.
12
Nadler, A. and Tushman, M.L (1999). Beyond the charismatic leader: leadership and organizational Change. California Management Review, 32 (2), pp. 77-97.
13
Reichers, A. and Schneider, B (1990). Climate and culture: an evolution of constructs, in Schneider, B. (Ed.), Organizational Climate and Culture. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, 5-39.
14
Rousseau, D (1991). Quantitative assessment of organizational culture. Group and Organizations Studies, 15(4), 448-460.
15
Saa-Pere, P.D. and Garcia-Falcon, J.M (2002). A resource-based view of human resource management and organizational capabilities development. Int. Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(1), 123-140.
16
Saffold, G.S (1998). Culture Traits, Strength, and Organizational Performance: Moving beyond Strong Culture. The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13, 46-558.
17
Schein, E. H (1990). Organizational culture. American Psychologist, 43 (2), 109-119.
18
Teymouri, M. and Kharazmi, Z (2013). The effectiveness of macroeconomic variables on foreign exchange market. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. 1, 5: 563-571.
19
Waddell, D. and Sohal, A.S (1998) Resistance: a constructive tool for change management, Management Decision, 36 (8), pp. 543-548.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effectiveness of Macroeconomic Variables on Foreign Exchange Market
This study investigates the effects of macroeconomic variables and their role in development of foreign exchange market. The foreign exchange market is the mechanism by which a person of firm transfers purchasing power form one country to another, obtains or provides credit for international trade transactions, and minimizes exposure to foreign exchange risk. The foreign exchange transaction is an agreement between a buyer and a seller that a given amount of one currency is to be delivered at a specified rate for some other currency. The foreign exchange market provides the physical and institutional structure through which the money of one country is exchanged for that of another country, the rate of exchange between currencies is determined, and foreign exchange transactions are physically completed. Geographically, the foreign exchange market spans the globe, with prices moving and currencies traded somewhere every hour of every business day. The foreign exchange market consists of two tiers: the interbank or wholesale market, and the client or retail market. Participants include banks and nonbank foreign exchange dealers, individuals and firms conducting commercial and investment transactions, speculators and arbitragers, central banks and treasuries, and foreign exchange brokers.
https://www.ijashss.com/article_83458_ff0fca3b6635a19d7dd6524e6cb71222.pdf
2013-04-01
123
131
Financial Development
Foreign exchange market
Economical growth
Mohammad
Teymouri
mohammad.teymouri@chmail.ir
1
M.Sc. Students of Governmental Management, Faculty of Humanities, Sirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zahra
Kharazmi
z.kharazmi@chmail.ir
2
M.Sc. Students of Governmental Management, Faculty of Humanities, Sirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Arestis, P. and Demetriades P (1996) “Finance and Growth: Institutional Aspects and Causality”. University of East London Economic Working Papers, No.5, May.
1
Aggarwal, R (1981). Exchange rates and stock prices: A study of the US capital Markets under floating exchange rates. Akron Business and Economic Review 12: 7-12.
2
Aga M, Kocaman, B (2006). An empirical investigation of the relationship between inflation, P/E ratios and stock price behaviour using a new series called Index-20 for Istanbul Stock Exchange. International Research J of Finance and Economics, 6: 133-165.
3
Abeyratna G, Pisedtasalasai A, Power, D (2003). Macroeconomic influence on the stock market: Evidence from an emerging market in South Asia. J of Emerging Market Finance,3(3): 85-304.
4
Arestis, P. and Demetriades P (1996). Finance and Growth: Institutional Aspects and Causality. University of East London Economic Working Papers, No.5, May.
5
Adler, M., & Dumas B (1984). Exposure to currency risk: Defination and measurement. Financial Management, 13, (Summer), 41-50.
6
Allen, H and Taylor M (1992): Charts, noise and fundamentals in the foreign exchange market. Economic Journal, 100:400, 49-59.
7
Amadi SN, Odubo TD (2002). Macroeconomic variables and stock prices: Causality analysis. The Nigeria J of Economic and Management Studies, 4(1 and 2): 29-41.
8
Backé P., Égert B., Walko Z (2007). Credit Growth in Central and Eastern Europe Revisited. Focus on European Integration 2, 69-77.
9
Bencivenga V.R., Smith B.D (1991). Financial Intermediation and Endogenous Growth. Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 195-209.
10
Bulmash SB, Trivoli GW (1991). Time-lagged interactions between stock prices and selected macroeconomic variables. The J. of Portfolio Management, 17(4): 66-67.
11
Buyuksalvarci, A (2010). The Effects of Macroeconomics Variables on Stock from Turkey. European Journal of Social Sciences, 14, 3: 70 - 83.
12
Calvo, G A and Reinhart C.M (2002). Fear of floating. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117, 379-408.
13
Chandra P (2004). Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management. New Delhi: McGraw-Hill.
14
Chen N, Roll R, Ross S (1986). Economic forces and the stock market. J of Business, 59: 383-403.
15
Chen, N.Fu., Roll, R., Ross, A.S (1986). Economic Forces and the Stock Market. Journal of Business, 59, 3: 383-403.
16
De Haas R.T.A (2001). Financial development and economic growth in transition economies A survey of the theoretical and empirical literature” Research Series Supervision 35, Netherlands Central Bank.
17
Dordunoo, C.K (1994), The Foreign Exchange Market and the Dutch Auction System in Ghana, AERC Research Paper No.24.
18
Égert B., Backé P., Zumer T (2007). Private-Sector Credit in Central and Eastern Europe: New (Over) Shooting Stars. Comparative Economic Studies 49 (2), 201-231.
19
Emeni FK, Asein EI (2003). Fundamental analysis of selected firms on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Nigeria J of Business Administration, 5(1): 37-54.
20
Emerging Stock Market Returns. Working Paper Series From <http://ssrn.com/abstract-201908> (Retrieved on April 4, 2012).
21
Fama, E.F. and Gibbons, M (1982). Inflation, Real Returns and Capital Investment. Journal of Monetary Economics, 1982, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 545-565.
22
Fernandez, D and Galetovic, A (1994). Schumpeter Might Be Right – But Why? Explaining the Relation between Finance, Development and Growth. Johns Hopkins University Working Paper in International Economics No. 96-01.
23
Frankel, J A and Froot K.A (1990). Chartists, fundamentalists and the demand for dollars, in a Courakis and M Taylor (eds), Private behaviour and government policies in interdependent economies, Oxford University Press.
24
Gan, C., Lee, M., Young, H.W.A. and Zhang, J (2006), “Macroeconomic Variables and Stock Market Interaction:New Zealand Evidence”, Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 3: 4.
25
Goldsmith R.W (1969). Financial Structure and Development”, New Haven, CT, Yale University Press.
26
Goswami G, Jung SC (1997). Stock Market and Economic Forces: Evidence from Korea. IMF Working Paper.
27
Greenwood J., Jovanovic B (1990). Financial Development, Growth, and the Distribution of Income. Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, 98(5), 1076-1107.
28
Hondroyiannis G, Papapetrou E (2001). Macroeconomic influences on the stock market. J of Economics and Finance, 25 (1): 33-49.
29
Jorion, P (1990). The Exchange rate exposure of U.S. multinational. Journal of Business, Vol. 63 No: 3, 331-345.
30
Kaneko, T., & Lee, B.S (1995). Relative importance of economic factors in the U.S. and Japanese stock markets. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies 9, 290–307.
31
King, R. and Levine, R (1993). Finance and Growth: Schumpeter Might be Right,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 108, pp. 117-138.
32
Levine R (1997). Financial development and economic growth: Views and agenda. Journal of Economic Literature, 35(2), 688-726.
33
Levine R (2005). Finance and Growth: Theory and Evidence,” Handbook of Economic Growth, in: Aghion P. and S. Durlauf (ed.), vol 1, 865-934.
34
Levine R., Loayza N., Beck T (2000). Financial intermediation and growth: Causality and causes. Journal of Monetary Economics, 46(1), 31-77.
35
Levine R., Zervos S (1996). Stock Market Development and Long-Run Growth”, World Bank Economic Review, 10(2), 323-339.
36
Lucas R.E (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3-42.
37
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Study of the Story of Bijan and Manijeh in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh (The Epic of Kings)
Bijan and Manijeh is an independent, love story in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. The present paper aims at investigating this story, which is regarded as a love story through which Ferdowsi had initiated his epic, in terms of lingual, literary, intellectual, and psychological aspects. For this purpose, then, this paper elaborates on the lyric and epic poetry, their primacy-recency relationship, and introduces the main characters of the story. In the section on interpreting the story, the introduction ( in terms of its prominent features) and the main text, in terms of the above-said aspects, will be discussed, and in the characterization section, the focus will be on the character of Bijan and the dominant guile in the beginning and the end of the story on the one hand, and the character of Manijeh and consequently the type of outlook Ferdowsi had taken and that of the traditional culture to the personality of women on the other hand.
https://www.ijashss.com/article_83459_a1bad02f1fac4cc4ab923bdfe7686baf.pdf
2013-04-01
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Ferdowsi
epic
love
Bijan
Manijeh
Iran
Turan
Woman
Susan
Fotoohi
1
Faculty Member, Farhangyan University, Bent al-Hoda Sadr Pardis, Sanandaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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8