Studies in Social Science
Mana Aleahmad
Abstract
Translating irony has always been challenging as it relates to each nation culture and language background. So, to fulfill this job, special strategies are needed to guide the translators to find suitable equivalences for the first language ironies to be translated to the second language. In this research ...
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Translating irony has always been challenging as it relates to each nation culture and language background. So, to fulfill this job, special strategies are needed to guide the translators to find suitable equivalences for the first language ironies to be translated to the second language. In this research strategies for translating verbal and situational ironies in written texts are investigated. To narrow down the job, four short stories by Ernest Hemingway were chosen as the English written texts, namely; The Killers, Hills like White Elephants, Fifty Grand, The Snows of Kilimanjaro. For each story two Persian versions were considered: The Killers translated by Ahmad Golshiri and Reza Gheysariyyeh, Hills like White Elephants translated by Ahmad Golshiri and Araz Barseghian, Fifty Grand translated by Bahman Sholehvar and Sirous Tahbaz and The Snows of Kilimanjaro translated by Mohammadreza Khoubsefat and Shojaeddin Shafa . The model of translation strategies proposed by Mona Baker (1992) is considered as the framework. The result of the total frequency count of the strategies adopted in translating the ironies by the translators show that the most common strategies which are used by these translators to translate English verbal and situational ironies into Persian are using cultural equivalences and using general or neutral equivalences for English words and phrases.
Studies in Social Science
Alireza Bozorgian
Abstract
The high capacity of gas hydrate in natural gas storage makes it attractive to use it for storage and transportation of natural gas and other gases as a competitor to liquefaction and condensation methods. Since the 1960s, when gas hydrate was introduced as a disturbing factor in gas pipelines, the idea ...
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The high capacity of gas hydrate in natural gas storage makes it attractive to use it for storage and transportation of natural gas and other gases as a competitor to liquefaction and condensation methods. Since the 1960s, when gas hydrate was introduced as a disturbing factor in gas pipelines, the idea of natural gas transfer by hydrate has been on the minds of many scientists. Because the hydrate transport temperature is higher than the liquefied natural gas (LNG) transport temperature, gaseous hydrate can be easily transported; Therefore, the technology of building hydraulic vessels will be much less complex than that of LNG vessels, and hydrogen production facilities can be designed much easier than LNG facilities. But the main problem is the smaller volume of gas transferred. According to studies in this field, each cubic meter of hydrate contains 175 cubic meters of gas. However, in LNG technology, the volume reduction reaches one hundred percent, and this issue is very important in the economics of gas transmission projects, especially long distances. Nevertheless, there is still great hope that hydrate will be used as a completely economical solution for gas transmission. In this regard, British Petroleum, in collaboration with other scientific centers such as the University of Gwasen, is building a small industrial unit that can produce 100 kg of hydrate per day.
Studies in Social Science
Masoud Bagherisadr; Alireza Bozorgian
Abstract
In general, a gas hydrate is a combination of gas and water. For example, a group of mineral compounds are called solid hydrates. These are ionic solids that ions are surrounded by water molecules and make crystalline solids. In any case, in the gas industry, hydrates are a combination of a small molecule ...
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In general, a gas hydrate is a combination of gas and water. For example, a group of mineral compounds are called solid hydrates. These are ionic solids that ions are surrounded by water molecules and make crystalline solids. In any case, in the gas industry, hydrates are a combination of a small molecule of gas and water. During the nineteenth century, hydrates remained an unknown and controversial topic. Early efforts were focused on understanding what compounds make up hydrates and under what conditions they form. During this period, many the constituents of hydrates were discovered. But it was not until the twentieth century that the industrial importance of gaseous hydrates proved. In the oil industry, the term gas hydrate refers to compounds that are usually gaseous at room temperature. These include methane, ethane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, etc., and this leads to the term hydrogen and at the same time one of the most common misconceptions about these compounds. Obstruction does not cause much of a problem during normal pipeline operation. However, our unforeseen problems such as pump failure or obstruction problems in the transmission cause hydration and thus blockage of pipelines. It takes several weeks to remove these contractions. The purpose of this work is to investigate the phenomenon of hydrate decomposition in pipelines. A model has been discovered that is similar to the decomposition of hydrates in pipelines. The purpose of this work is to develop an optimal strategy for dehydration in pipelines with bilateral contraction.
Studies in Social Science
Yosra Raziani; Sheno Raziani
Abstract
Today, the number of obese people is increasing, and this problem, which in the recent past was considered a problem of developed and industrialized countries. It is now on the rise all over the world, including in developing countries, where food shortages are often the main nutritional problem. In ...
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Today, the number of obese people is increasing, and this problem, which in the recent past was considered a problem of developed and industrialized countries. It is now on the rise all over the world, including in developing countries, where food shortages are often the main nutritional problem. In addition, reducing the age of obesity and its prevalence in children and adolescents is also very important, because obesity at this age has a greater impact on health. In many cases, adult obesity begins in childhood, and effective prevention depends on how to deal with and control childhood obesity. Obesity in childhood and adolescence, especially during the second decade of life, is a strong predictor of adult obesity. The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents is increasing in many countries around the world, even in countries where malnutrition due to malnutrition is still a public health problem. Accordingly, there is a close relationship between childhood obesity and the increased risk of adult obesity and the resulting physical problems. Today, overweight and obesity is a chronic disease that has become a health problem. It is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. According to the World Health Organization, 30% of the Middle East population is overweight. Today, overweight in children has become an epidemic, and in the age group of 6-12 years, overweight has more than doubled in the last decade.
Studies in Social Science
Rozita Kaviani
Abstract
< p>Underground gas reserves in the form of hydrates are a huge source of energy that researchers are looking for ways to extract. The amount of hydrate gas reserves is estimated at more than 1016 cubic meters, which is more than the discovered sources of other fossil fuels, if only 15% of this ...
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< p>Underground gas reserves in the form of hydrates are a huge source of energy that researchers are looking for ways to extract. The amount of hydrate gas reserves is estimated at more than 1016 cubic meters, which is more than the discovered sources of other fossil fuels, if only 15% of this gas is extracted. But due to problems such as the slow rate of hydrate formation and the high pressure of its formation, his idea remained in the laboratory. After the discovery of hydrate self-preservation, this idea was raised more seriously and a lot of research was done on the use of hydrate for gas storage and transmission. High gas pressure is the most important negative factor in mass production of hydrates for gas storage and transport. The results showed that using these materials, methane hydrate is formed in much more suitable conditions than temperature and pressure. While the equilibrium pressure of methane hydrate formation at 293 ° K is about 34 MPa, with the addition of tetra-hydro-furan at a concentration of 2.5 mol%, this pressure is reduced to about 2.49 MPa, which shows a decrease of 92.6%. Also, at a pressure of 5 MPa, the equilibrium temperature of methane hydrate is about 278 degrees Kelvin, while at the same pressure, the fuzzy equilibrium temperature of a 6 mol solution of tetra-hydro-furan was about 306 degrees Kelvin.
Studies in Social Science
Rohollah Mohammadian
Abstract
Drilling mud is one of the most important components of rotary drilling, without which drilling is almost impossible. Drilling mud has many functions and applications, including cleaning the bottom of wells and transporting drilled debris to the ground, drying and lubrication of drilling tools such as ...
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Drilling mud is one of the most important components of rotary drilling, without which drilling is almost impossible. Drilling mud has many functions and applications, including cleaning the bottom of wells and transporting drilled debris to the ground, drying and lubrication of drilling tools such as drills, weight pipes and maintenance drilling pipes. From the wall of the well and create an impenetrable layer for the wall to prevent the entry of pressurized floors into the well to prevent the deposition of particles and weight-increasing materials of the drilling mud, while the drilling mud is stationary. Separation of drilled material after reaching the ground level Weight reduction of weight pipes, drill pipes and wall pipes according to Archimedes' law pointed to the hydraulic power of mud pumps to the drill. In this project, the goal is optimal hydraulic design for drilling mud. Due to the fact that in the optimal hydraulic design of drilling mud, the maximum hydraulic power and pump outlet pressure and well geometry are among the limitations, so the only parameters that can be used in the design are adjusting the pump outlet rate and size and number of drill nozzles. In this research, it was tried to design the optimal output rate as well as the number and size of drill nozzles to reduce the pressure drop and increase the hydraulic power of the pump.
Studies in Social Science
Frank Rebout; Rozita Kaviani
Abstract
Nowadays, scientists in physics, materials, etc. have come to the conclusion that if materials can be prepared in smaller proportions, the bonds that a small material makes with its surrounding phases are much stronger than larger scales. Nanocomposites were produced. In this type of composite material, ...
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Nowadays, scientists in physics, materials, etc. have come to the conclusion that if materials can be prepared in smaller proportions, the bonds that a small material makes with its surrounding phases are much stronger than larger scales. Nanocomposites were produced. In this type of composite material, at least one of the phases of the composite material is in nanometer dimensions. In the discussion of nanomaterials, nanocomposites have a special place. These materials have two or more nanometer components. The presence of particles and fibers in the structure usually creates strength in the substrate. In fact, when particles or fibers are distributed within a substrate, the forces applied to the composite are uniformly transmitted to the particles or fibers. Particles or fibers that are distributed within a substrate are called fillers. Properties such as strength, hardness, physiological properties, and porosity change with the distribution of fillers within the substrate. The substrate can hold the particles apart in such a way that crack growth is delayed. In other words, with proper distribution of fillers in the background material, the crack growth path in the background becomes longer and therefore crack growth is delayed. In addition, the components of nanocomposites have better properties due to the surface interaction between the substrate and the filler. The type and amount of these interactions play an important role in the various properties of nanocomposites such as solubility, optical properties, electrical and mechanical properties.
Studies in Social Science
Amarjit Singh; Abhijeet Mishra
Abstract
Rickshaw pullers are one of the basic wellsprings of public transportation in metropolitan zonesthat furnish us with last mile availability. Other than fulfilling the expanding need for a powerfulmethods for intra-metropolitan versatility, rickshaws have thrived in Indian urban communitieson account ...
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Rickshaw pullers are one of the basic wellsprings of public transportation in metropolitan zonesthat furnish us with last mile availability. Other than fulfilling the expanding need for a powerfulmethods for intra-metropolitan versatility, rickshaws have thrived in Indian urban communitieson account of the migration of provincial rural populaces without critical training and capital intourban areas looking for occupations, for whom rickshaw pulling is the best accessible alternativebecause of its simplicity of passage. An extensive extent of metropolitan poor are reliant onrickshaws as a significant wellspring of work in India. This work is an endeavor to comprehendthe patterns constantly in migration of rickshaw pullers in Delhi. The examination center aroundthe financial status of rickshaw pullers in Delhi and back home, the spot of having a place andthe explanations behind migration and how has migration achieved an adjustment in their lives inthe event that it has by any stretch of the imagination. The investigation needs in survey,interviews, interactions alongside auxiliary wellsprings of information, for example, governmentrecords if any accessible. The investigation was completed in various areas in Delhi, forexample, metro stations, commercial centers and so forth. In this examination both qualitativejust as quantitative information has been utilized for itemized investigation of the did exercises.
Studies in Social Science
Mozhdeh Haddadi
Abstract
Background: In today's societies, empowerment of women and their full cooperation on the basis of equality, in all areas, including decision-making and community management is one of the requirements for sustainable development needed by our country. In a society where there is no equal and acceptable ...
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Background: In today's societies, empowerment of women and their full cooperation on the basis of equality, in all areas, including decision-making and community management is one of the requirements for sustainable development needed by our country. In a society where there is no equal and acceptable equality and fair cooperation between men and women in research, economic and cultural activities, nor is there fair opportunity for innovation and talent, the development process has not progressed as expected. Methods: Given the progress that has been made in the field of education and social participation of women in the country, no country can develop without the presence, cooperation and activity of half of its capable population. Increasing the presence of women in society will change their role. Many women entrepreneurs are playing a role in the international arena. Results: To achieve moderation and remove barriers to their growth and, as a result, to better expand society, we need women to be able to participate in the decision-making process in different areas of society. In many countries, these pursuits have led to significant success for women. Conclusions: Undoubtedly, the role of women in the Green Management (GM) System program for organizations and government agencies is vivid and a program of excellence, and that its full understanding and realization relying on involving all personnel of organizations and those interested in the development of the country.
Studies in Social Science
Nafiseh Karimi; Hassan Atri
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the positive and negative effects of budgeting in charitable communities. This research is exploratory in terms of practical purpose and in terms of implementation method. The statistical population in this study was 25 experts and financial managers in Abrar ...
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The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the positive and negative effects of budgeting in charitable communities. This research is exploratory in terms of practical purpose and in terms of implementation method. The statistical population in this study was 25 experts and financial managers in Abrar Charity. In order to collect information, questionnaires were distributed among these experts and the collected data were analysed using Super Decision software and the results showed that positive effects are more important than negative effects of budgeting in charitable communities and also examining the dimensions. shows; The importance of the indicators are: improving the quality of decision-making, reducing corruption, the need for reliable information on the unit cost of the product or its consequences, the possibility of effective monitoring of operations, improving the performance of charitable activities, the possibility of two-part goals in Programs are the change of organizational nature from non-profit to for-profit.
Studies in Social Science
Amir Samimi; Marzieh Samimi
Abstract
Risk assessment has been considered as a scientific method for preparing and developing food quality and health standards. In recent years, the use of the word "risk" has become increasingly used in connection with food safety in general and with the health of food products in particular. This is due ...
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Risk assessment has been considered as a scientific method for preparing and developing food quality and health standards. In recent years, the use of the word "risk" has become increasingly used in connection with food safety in general and with the health of food products in particular. This is due to the development of the use of the risk analysis system, the identification of critical control points of HACCP, which revolutionized the industries in the 1980s and 1990s. The first principle of the HACCP system stipulates that risk analysis must be performed. The hazards that are likely to occur must first be identified and then the severity of each hazard must be assessed and then the likelihood of those hazards assessed. These two factors (severity and probability of occurrence) talk to us about the possibility of danger. Another point about the importance of risk assessment is the increase in international trade, which raises new demands on food safety and quality. In the food supply cycle from farm to fork, food will always face countless risks that will lead to many problems for subsequent processes and end consumers. We all consume foods such as fruits, vegetables, dairy products, meat, bread, etc. on a daily basis, and our health depends on the health and safety of these foods. Today, many countries around the world seek to establish systematic management of food safety risk in order to provide safe and healthy food.
Studies in Social Science
Alireza Bozorgian
Abstract
Production rates from oil fields decrease over time due to various factors, so it is necessary to use methods that to some extent compensate for the reduction in oil and gas production rates. Gas overflow is one of the artificial overflow methods that is used with the aim of rehabilitating and increasing ...
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Production rates from oil fields decrease over time due to various factors, so it is necessary to use methods that to some extent compensate for the reduction in oil and gas production rates. Gas overflow is one of the artificial overflow methods that is used with the aim of rehabilitating and increasing the optimal flow of oil wells. In this method, high pressure gas is injected at a certain point inside the fluid column in the well, thereby reducing the average density and subsequent pressure on the bottom of the well, and thus reactivating the well. In optimizing the operation, increasing the production and benefiting from the maximum operation of the well and its facilities are considered. In this project, two-phase current was model using a mechanistic model and parameters such as pressure profile, temperature, phase fractions and phase velocities are calculated. Then, with the help of node analysis, the natural production of the well is simulated and the need to use the method is investigated. When the reservoir energy (reservoir pressure) is not high enough for continuous production from the well, the artificial overflow method is used in oil production. Gas overflow method is one of the artificial overflow methods that is used to increase oil production from wells. In this method, high pressure gas is injected into the well to make the fluid column lighter and increase the reservoir pressure to produce oil.
Studies in Social Science
Mohammad Mehdi Samimi
Abstract
In the current era, human rights has become one of the most serious international issues and has become particularly important in the foreign policy and bilateral and multilateral interactions of countries; So that today no country can deny human rights norms. With the institutionalization of human rights ...
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In the current era, human rights has become one of the most serious international issues and has become particularly important in the foreign policy and bilateral and multilateral interactions of countries; So that today no country can deny human rights norms. With the institutionalization of human rights in international politics, the relevant norms have become an integral part of politics between states and societies; and affect the quality and quantity of foreign relations. One of the issues facing the United Nations today; How to balance the sovereignty of states with human rights. In fact, part of the mystery of the relationship between human rights and sovereignty has to do with international law. While some provisions of the UN Charter explicitly support the sovereignty of states, the other part allows the Security Council to use military force wherever necessary to maintain and restore international peace and security. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, on the other hand, states that in order to promote development, countries must have friendly relations with each other and respect the freedoms enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The trend of globalization and border permeability has affected countries' policies in an interactive and networked environment and has made countries in a cohesive environment sensitive to each other's policies (even human rights behaviors) with their citizens. .
Studies in Social Science
Alireza Bozorgian
Abstract
Considering the advantages and disadvantages of hydrate formation, which were mentioned in the previous section, hydrate has always been considered as a problem that should be avoided, and has been considered as an opportunity for revolution in various industries. Solutions have always been proposed ...
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Considering the advantages and disadvantages of hydrate formation, which were mentioned in the previous section, hydrate has always been considered as a problem that should be avoided, and has been considered as an opportunity for revolution in various industries. Solutions have always been proposed to prevent its occurrence and also to improve the conditions of its formation. Among the various solutions, the use of additives may be the most appropriate method. In this article, first, the types of additives and how they affect the formation of hydrates, then the results of some recent research in this field are mentioned. The effect of additives on hydrate formation. In general, additives used in the hydrate formation process are divided into two categories: inhibitors and improvers. Injection of chemical inhibitors is a priority over other solutions used to prevent hydrate formation and is widely used in the gas industry. Factors influencing the choice of inhibitors include: cost, degree of poisoning, degree of corrosion, environmental aspects, bulk density, etc.
Studies in Social Science
Lizashree Hazarika
Abstract
Paternalism is a complicated issue which has both theoretical and normative implications. The debate on paternalism is basically about investigating the justificatory arguments. This paper analyzes certain moral conditions under which a paternalistic attitude or behavior is considered to be problematic. ...
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Paternalism is a complicated issue which has both theoretical and normative implications. The debate on paternalism is basically about investigating the justificatory arguments. This paper analyzes certain moral conditions under which a paternalistic attitude or behavior is considered to be problematic. It undertakes the task of critically explaining and interpreting different philosophical stances and arguments with regard to these conditions proposed and developed by moral philosophers. In addition to these, the paper attempts to understand and appreciate debate with regard to practical issues of our daily life where the idea of paternalism is seen to be playing a crucial role. And the concept of paternalism is defined followed by discussing the normative issues along with the debate on paternalism.
Studies in Social Science
Hamidreza Jalaeipour; Abolfazl Hajizadegan
Abstract
In this research, through identifying the components of what is called “Iranian Twitter”, we tried to identify and evaluate the patterns of how Iranian Twitter users are affected by the political attitudes of the Iranian Twitter Influencers. For this purpose, Influencers and Followers including ...
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In this research, through identifying the components of what is called “Iranian Twitter”, we tried to identify and evaluate the patterns of how Iranian Twitter users are affected by the political attitudes of the Iranian Twitter Influencers. For this purpose, Influencers and Followers including 917,318 Iranian users of Twitter were categorized based on their political attitudes; then, patterns of how Followers were affected by Influencers were identified and evaluated for various political attitudes. To categorize Influencers and Followers, we used data mining techniques, and to analyze network data, we applied Gephi software. The results showed that although none of the political attitudes in Iranian Twitter have significant superiority to others, a significant proportion of users who favored a political attitude, displayed little tendency to be exposed to different political messages.
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