Studies in Social Science
Rozita Kaviani
Abstract
< p>Underground gas reserves in the form of hydrates are a huge source of energy that researchers are looking for ways to extract. The amount of hydrate gas reserves is estimated at more than 1016 cubic meters, which is more than the discovered sources of other fossil fuels, if only 15% of this ...
Read More
< p>Underground gas reserves in the form of hydrates are a huge source of energy that researchers are looking for ways to extract. The amount of hydrate gas reserves is estimated at more than 1016 cubic meters, which is more than the discovered sources of other fossil fuels, if only 15% of this gas is extracted. But due to problems such as the slow rate of hydrate formation and the high pressure of its formation, his idea remained in the laboratory. After the discovery of hydrate self-preservation, this idea was raised more seriously and a lot of research was done on the use of hydrate for gas storage and transmission. High gas pressure is the most important negative factor in mass production of hydrates for gas storage and transport. The results showed that using these materials, methane hydrate is formed in much more suitable conditions than temperature and pressure. While the equilibrium pressure of methane hydrate formation at 293 ° K is about 34 MPa, with the addition of tetra-hydro-furan at a concentration of 2.5 mol%, this pressure is reduced to about 2.49 MPa, which shows a decrease of 92.6%. Also, at a pressure of 5 MPa, the equilibrium temperature of methane hydrate is about 278 degrees Kelvin, while at the same pressure, the fuzzy equilibrium temperature of a 6 mol solution of tetra-hydro-furan was about 306 degrees Kelvin.
Studies in Social Science
Alireza Bozorgian
Abstract
Production rates from oil fields decrease over time due to various factors, so it is necessary to use methods that to some extent compensate for the reduction in oil and gas production rates. Gas overflow is one of the artificial overflow methods that is used with the aim of rehabilitating and increasing ...
Read More
Production rates from oil fields decrease over time due to various factors, so it is necessary to use methods that to some extent compensate for the reduction in oil and gas production rates. Gas overflow is one of the artificial overflow methods that is used with the aim of rehabilitating and increasing the optimal flow of oil wells. In this method, high pressure gas is injected at a certain point inside the fluid column in the well, thereby reducing the average density and subsequent pressure on the bottom of the well, and thus reactivating the well. In optimizing the operation, increasing the production and benefiting from the maximum operation of the well and its facilities are considered. In this project, two-phase current was model using a mechanistic model and parameters such as pressure profile, temperature, phase fractions and phase velocities are calculated. Then, with the help of node analysis, the natural production of the well is simulated and the need to use the method is investigated. When the reservoir energy (reservoir pressure) is not high enough for continuous production from the well, the artificial overflow method is used in oil production. Gas overflow method is one of the artificial overflow methods that is used to increase oil production from wells. In this method, high pressure gas is injected into the well to make the fluid column lighter and increase the reservoir pressure to produce oil.
)