Samaneh Ahmadikhah
Abstract
With increasing trend in using the electronic means of communication and trade in the world, the need to enact new laws and regulations with regard to e-commerce law is increasing day by day, where benchmarking of the countries and the leading organizations in this context can be used to provide the ...
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With increasing trend in using the electronic means of communication and trade in the world, the need to enact new laws and regulations with regard to e-commerce law is increasing day by day, where benchmarking of the countries and the leading organizations in this context can be used to provide the measures to encourage the Economic activists and consumers to do their tasks at cyberspace particularly provided with supporting the consumer who are in poor side. In this paper, Comparative Study on Consumer Protection in E-Commerce Law within Iran and European Union has been proposed. The observations, with regard to the studies show that based upon the international character of electronic commerce law and the role of UNCITRAL model law on e-commerce (1996) in Unification of it at international level, this law which includes consumer protection has been also provided with the same basis throughout the world. Nevertheless, the countries and organizations like the European Union with adoption of instructions have made large effort in going through this e-commerce law to get it completed by which developing countries like Iran can get to use such law.
Ali Ahmadalizadeh; Nader Karimian Sardashti
Abstract
Pars Sea has witnessed critical events that have affected the history of Iran, some positively and some negatively. Babylonians and Assyrians called Pars Sea as the lower sea (in the direction of Mesopotamia downstream). This sea was called Pars Sea on the inscription from Darius Ierafound along ...
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Pars Sea has witnessed critical events that have affected the history of Iran, some positively and some negatively. Babylonians and Assyrians called Pars Sea as the lower sea (in the direction of Mesopotamia downstream). This sea was called Pars Sea on the inscription from Darius Ierafound along the connecting channel between Nile River and Suez Canal. The naming of Pars Sea stemmed from being the connecting waterway to Pars Gulf inland or Iran. Achaemenid Dynasty who ruled Pars extended its reign from Mediterranean on the west to Indian Sea, Send River, and Pamir Plateau on the East. The north part of their territory included the area from Black Sea to Lake Baikal including Khawrezm and Khazar on the North. Neighborly relation with India strengthened the economic, political, and cultural relations of the two countries. Pars Sea served as the main waterway betweenEastandwest. This waterway was sometime referred as Silk Waterway. This article is a discussion of Iran-India maritime relations through Pars Sea.
Seyyedeh Razieh Mousavi
Volume 5, Issue 3 , July 2016, , Pages 165-175
Abstract
Wahhabism is a movement emerged in the 4th century by Ahmad ibnTaymiyyah, revived and developed during the 8th century by Muhammad ibnAbd al-Wahhab. Receiving support from western countries, this movement was officially recognized in Saudi Arabia in the 12th century. Today, Wahhabism has begun its activities ...
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Wahhabism is a movement emerged in the 4th century by Ahmad ibnTaymiyyah, revived and developed during the 8th century by Muhammad ibnAbd al-Wahhab. Receiving support from western countries, this movement was officially recognized in Saudi Arabia in the 12th century. Today, Wahhabism has begun its activities in Khuzestan province with the aim of provoking ethnic division and weakening beliefs of the Arabs of this region. Unfortunately, lack of sufficient means of comfort and existenceof cultural gaps along with poor religious and ideological education have led to the recruitment of needy people and addicts by this sect. Although very few people are recruited to Wahhabism, this political-ideological movement shouldn’t be underestimated and effective measures must be adopted for countering Wahhabi sect. Considering the activities of Wahhabism during the recent years in Khuzestan province, this paper examines propagation methods ofWahhabism and presents some recommendations for solving this problem in the province.
Ezzatollah Mafi; Alireza Bidkhori; Amir Ali Kharazmi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , April 2016, , Pages 127-134
Abstract
The wide-spread use of online social networking sites has sparked many psychological issues and research around the globe. A unique phenomenon has come into existence in which people rely on Facebook to satisfy their attachment need. It is one of the very innately psychological needs that presents throughout ...
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The wide-spread use of online social networking sites has sparked many psychological issues and research around the globe. A unique phenomenon has come into existence in which people rely on Facebook to satisfy their attachment need. It is one of the very innately psychological needs that presents throughout a life span. The present study investigated the interaction between attachment style and social networking site use. The result showed that attachment style contributed significantly to the level of social media use. It also pointed out that the attachment style distinguished significantly between active and non-active users. Future research and implications of the study were discussed.
Ehsan Razani; Nor Azizan Bin Idris
Volume 3, Issue 1 , January 2014, , Pages 1-9
Abstract
The present paper aims to examine the Sino-Iranian conventional military relationship under President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad during the years between 2005 and 2013. The study has attempted to briefly answer the question that how Tehran has continued to build stronger defense capability with the help of ...
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The present paper aims to examine the Sino-Iranian conventional military relationship under President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad during the years between 2005 and 2013. The study has attempted to briefly answer the question that how Tehran has continued to build stronger defense capability with the help of Beijing despite the American hegemonic, anti-Iranian policies. The paper has theoretically adopted a realist approach to International Relations and is methodologically based on document analysis. As the paper argues, despite the Western sanctions and U.S containment strategy against the Islamic Republic, Ahmadinejad's Iran, in line with its look to the East approach to foreign relations, successfully developed its indigenous military technology capability further through cooperation with the emerging powers such as the People's Republic of China on the basis of pragmatic calculations of power and interest.
Susan Fotoohi
Volume 2, Issue 2 , April 2013, , Pages 132-140
Abstract
Bijan and Manijeh is an independent, love story in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. The present paper aims at investigating this story, which is regarded as a love story through which Ferdowsi had initiated his epic, in terms of lingual, literary, intellectual, and psychological aspects. For this purpose, ...
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Bijan and Manijeh is an independent, love story in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. The present paper aims at investigating this story, which is regarded as a love story through which Ferdowsi had initiated his epic, in terms of lingual, literary, intellectual, and psychological aspects. For this purpose, then, this paper elaborates on the lyric and epic poetry, their primacy-recency relationship, and introduces the main characters of the story. In the section on interpreting the story, the introduction ( in terms of its prominent features) and the main text, in terms of the above-said aspects, will be discussed, and in the characterization section, the focus will be on the character of Bijan and the dominant guile in the beginning and the end of the story on the one hand, and the character of Manijeh and consequently the type of outlook Ferdowsi had taken and that of the traditional culture to the personality of women on the other hand.
