Studies in Humanities
Farideh Mohammadkhani Orouji; Zahra Saeid
Abstract
Adam Smith, the great economist of the world in the eighteenth century, with a proposal on the relationship between education and human capital, pioneered a debate that took more than 200 years to find its true place as a collection of scientific research and in the form of economics. Awareness of the ...
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Adam Smith, the great economist of the world in the eighteenth century, with a proposal on the relationship between education and human capital, pioneered a debate that took more than 200 years to find its true place as a collection of scientific research and in the form of economics. Awareness of the relationship between education and economic growth has led many people to seek their own advancement and the well-being of society, and a huge movement has emerged to gain more knowledge, insight, skills, and information. Amazing and competitive changes in countries around the world in achieving economic development and social welfare as soon as possible and the impact of these developments on various social contexts in the last three decades in Iran have led to more attention to the role and functions of public and higher education. Increasing the role of the education system in the dynamics of social life, the need to pay attention to economic functions and its "cost-benefit analysis" has doubled for the government and the people because increasing social demand for education has increased the amount of education spending in government and household budgets.
Saeed Abdollahyar; Alireza Masihpoor
Abstract
Several theories have been purposed regarding type and quality of government and politics in the history of Islamic jurisprudence and political doctrines. Theories of jurist absolute mandate (or jurist general authority) and proxy of jurist (the prudent authority) are some of these doctrines. Theory ...
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Several theories have been purposed regarding type and quality of government and politics in the history of Islamic jurisprudence and political doctrines. Theories of jurist absolute mandate (or jurist general authority) and proxy of jurist (the prudent authority) are some of these doctrines. Theory of jurist absolute mandate as the concept of authority over leadership in Muslim community has been confirmed by majority of Islamic jurisprudents from the beginning while doctrine of jurist’s proxy has a short history and it has been posited by some researchers at present time. With comparing these two doctrines, it may be implied that in theory of jurist absolute mandate, immediate divine legality and God’s governance right have caused people to play the role at phase of realization of the government. But they play essential and determinant role at the stage of enforcement of power and governance. In contrast, public legitimacy and right governance over people is the main basis for theory of jurist’s proxy. Given that in this theory since people are joint owners of their land and living place thus they assign right of governance of their land through proxyship to another person or group in order to manage the aforesaid living settlement for symbiosis and peaceful well-being of citizens. Therefore, according to this doctrine, one could assume an original and essential role for the people both at phase of creating the government and at the stage of power enforcement.
