Studies in Humanities
Farahan Sultanai
Abstract
Metacognitive knowledge refers to the beliefs and moral theories that individuals have about their thinking, such as beliefs about the meaning of a particular type of thought and beliefs about the effectiveness of memory and cognitive control. It is useful to consider both explicit and implicit metacognitive ...
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Metacognitive knowledge refers to the beliefs and moral theories that individuals have about their thinking, such as beliefs about the meaning of a particular type of thought and beliefs about the effectiveness of memory and cognitive control. It is useful to consider both explicit and implicit metacognitive knowledge, especially in the context of emotional disorder. Explicit metacognitive knowledge is conscious knowledge. For example, people with generalized anxiety disorder believe that worrying is uncontrollable and dangerous, and some believe that worrying can have benefits. Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder believe that they have certain thoughts that lead to negative events or unwanted actions, and people with depression have positive beliefs about rumination. Implicit metacognitive knowledge is usually not conscious and cannot be expressed verbally. This knowledge includes the rules or designs that guide the process, such as paying attention, searching in memory, and using exploratory measures and bias in judgment. Considering this knowledge as a method or design for information processing is useful, and such metacognitive designs may be important at least as news knowledge in emotional disorder.
Studies in Humanities
Mahjoubeh Zanganeh; Rezvaneh Namazi Yousefi; Hosna Karimi
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality and coping styles with marital burnout. Traditionally, the basis for starting a family is marriage. Marriage is the first and most important stage in the family life cycle in which the choice of a spouse is made and ...
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The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality and coping styles with marital burnout. Traditionally, the basis for starting a family is marriage. Marriage is the first and most important stage in the family life cycle in which the choice of a spouse is made and success in other stages of life depends on success in this stage. Increasing attention to the role of burnout in daily life and its effect in relation to various aspects of personality and the methods that people use to deal with this stress has led to numerous studies. Evidence suggests that personality is associated with both burnout and coping style. Marital burnout is a gradual decrease in emotional attachment to the spouse, which is accompanied by feelings of alienation, apathy and indifference between couples to each other and the replacement of negative emotions instead of positive emotions. The final results of the study indicated that agreeing can predict marital burnout, but other factors do not predict marital burnout. The results also showed that among the coping styles, emotion-oriented style and avoidance style can predict marital burnout.